⑴ 名詞性從句具體細則
語法基礎知識 名詞性從句結構從句根據性質不同可分為:名詞性從句、形容詞性從句和副詞性從句。根據句法功能的不同,名詞性從句可分為:主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句多由連詞that, wh-word疑問詞,連接代詞who, which,連接副詞when where等引導。這一單元我們重點講解表語從句(即名詞性從句用作表語)和賓語從句(即名詞性從句用作賓語)的情況。1.名詞性從句用作表語(表語從句)名詞性從句放在系動詞之後,用作表語,構成系表結構,用來表示某一事實,也能表示某人的意見、信念、要求和希望等。表語從句由連詞that, whether, if連接,也可以用連接代詞what, who或連接副詞why, where, when, how等連接。例如:①The first question I put to him was whether he would do it.我向他提的第一個問題就是他是否要做那工作。②The problem was if they would attend the conference.問題是他們是否去參加會議。③This is what I had wanted to say.這就是我本來要說的話。④The question was how we could get to the railway station.問題是我們怎樣到達火車站。⑤That was why I was so frightened at that time.那就是為什麼我當時如此害怕的原因。⑥Our plan is that we'll finish the experiment in a quarter.我們的計劃是在一刻鍾內完成這項實驗。⑦His wish is that he should go to work in the United States.他的願望是到美國去工作。⑧Our greatest happiness is that we can serve the people with all our hearts.我們最大的幸福是全心全意為人民服務。2.名詞性從句用作賓語(賓語從句)由連詞、連接代詞或連接副詞引導的名詞性從句,放在謂語動詞、非謂語動詞或介詞之後,用作賓語,表示動作的對象。例如:①They said that they had been there for a year.他們說他們在那兒呆了一年了。②I don't understand what they are talking about.我不明白他們在談些什麼。③I wish that I knew where they live at present.但願我知道他們目前在哪兒住就好了。④I wonder if you would mind helping me.不知道你是否能幫我的忙。⑤I shall not forget when the meeting will open.我不會忘記開會的時間。⑥We always gave whoever came to us valuable guidance.無論誰到我們這里來,我們總是給予有用的指導。⑦You have to think of what you should do next.你必須考慮下一步怎麼辦。⑧「We can write about whatever topic we prefer.」said the teacher.老師說我們可以寫我們喜歡的任何題目。⑨We found it very strange that no one would take the money.我們很感到奇怪,誰也不要這筆錢。3.名詞從句用作同位語同位語從句是名詞性從句,一般跟在某些抽象名詞(如belief, fact, hope, idea, news, problem, possibility等)的後面,用以說明或解釋前面的名詞。同位語從句用連詞that, whether引導,也可用連接代詞what或連接副詞why等引導。例如:①We ought to discuss carefully the important question whether we can do it or not.我們應該細心討論一下這個重要問題,就是我們是否能做這項工作。②I have no idea that such a little girl knows much about the experiment.我沒有想到這個小女孩對這項實驗知道的那麼多。③The news that his daughter had won the first prize was a great pleasure to him.他女兒獲得一等獎的消息對他來說是很值得開心的事情。④The fact that this book is completely sold out speaks in its favour.這本書全賣出去的事實說明了它是受歡迎的。⑤The idea that computers will recognize human voices surprises many people.電腦將能辨出人的聲音,這個想法讓很多人吃驚。⑥The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. 多數勞動者都可以在家上班,這種可能性常常被提出來探討。⑦I have no idea when Jack will be back.我不知到傑克什麼時候回來。⑧He can't answer the question how he got the money.這筆錢他是怎樣得到的,對這個問題他不能回答。4.同位語從句與定語從句的區別比較下列兩個例句:①We expressed the hope(that)they had expressed.我們表達了他們曾經表達的那種希望。(定語從句)②We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.我們表示希望他們再來中國訪問。(同位語從句)1)從語法的角度上看,引導同位語從句的that是連詞,只起連接的作用,在從句中並不作任何句子成分;而引導定語從句的that是關系代詞,除了起連接作用外,還在從句中作句子成分(如句①中的that在從句中作賓語)。又如:③We were overjoyed at the news(that)he told us.我們聽到他說的消息,高興極了。④We were overjoyed at the news that the school would organize a trip to the Great Wall.聽到學校將組織大家去長城游覽的消息,我們高興極了。2)從語意的角度上看,同位語從句與它前面的名詞(如hope)是同位關系,表示這個「希望」的內容是「他們再來中國訪問」;而定語從句與它前面的名詞是所屬關系,表示「……的」(如句①中的「他們曾經表示過的」),起修飾作用。又如:⑤Have you heard the news that a war has broken out in the Middle East? 你聽到在中東爆發戰爭的消息了嗎?⑥Have you heard the news(that)I just told you?你聽說過我剛告訴你的消息了嗎?3)同位語從句的連詞that一般不能省略;而定語從句中的關系代詞that,當其在句中作賓語時,常常可以省略(如①中的that可以省略)。又如:⑦The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is good.我們輪流打掃教室這個建議很好。
⑵ 英語名詞性從句的連接詞
1。藉此後面的名字性從句就只有賓語從句,連接賓語從句的常用的連詞有:that, if, whether, who, whom, whose, what, when, where, how, why, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等。
The new book is about animals。
2。主語從句That we can』t get seems better than what we have。
同位語從句The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
⑶ 高一名詞性從句,定語從句。總是分不清。可以詳解么要有例題~~(高分懸賞)
(這里因為篇幅有限,所以並不是特別詳細,其實可以買一本語法書看看,比較實在,網上看東西會比較浮躁,看書的效果最好!)
【一、定語從句】
定義:在復合句中作定語用修飾句子中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。
① 定語從句的位置:放在名詞或代詞的後面。如:The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨傘的人是我的叔叔。)
② 語法術語的改變:被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞;引導定語從句的連接詞稱為關系詞,其中that、which、who稱為關系代詞,where、when、how稱為關系副詞。
③ 關系代詞或關系副詞的作用:
關系代詞who、whom 和whose指人,分別在從句中作主語、賓語和定語。which指物that多指物, 有時也指人,它們在從句中可以作主語或賓語。定語從句中關系代詞作從句賓語時可以省略。This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days. (這個就是我們近日一直在找的小偷。) / Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in. (請找一間足夠大能住下我們全體的房間。)
關系副詞when或where引導定語從句時,它們在從句中分別作時間狀語和地點狀語。如:This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (這是一個星期前他們吵架的房間。) / I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永遠不會忘記第一次見到你的日子。)
④ 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句在句中不能省略,否則主句意思就不完整。非限制性定語從句和主句之間往往用逗號分開,這種從句是一種附加說明,如果從句子中省去,也不致於影響主句的意思。如:She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of. (她一個晚上都在談論她最近的書,我們一個人都沒有聽說過那本書。)
[註解]
1、關系代詞只能用that的情況:當先行詞是指事物的不定代詞(all, anything等),或先行詞部分含有最高級,或含有序數詞時,不能用其他的關系代詞,只能用that. 如:All that Lily told me seems untrue. (Lily告訴我的話似乎不真實。) / Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? (能不能給我點裡面沒有糖的東西?) / This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. (這是第一輛運行於我市的雙層公交車。)
2、關系代詞在從句中作主語時一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。 如:Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner? (你認識那個在角落裡哭泣的女人嗎?) / Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me. (跟我無關的話,請一個字也不要說。)
3、關系代詞作從句的賓語時,常用which或whom,較少使用that或who,而且,關系代詞常常省略。如:Tom』s father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to. (Tom的父親是我們老師第一個談話的人。)
4、當關系代詞緊跟在介詞後面時,必須用which或whom,而當介詞移到句尾時,則又可以使用that或who. 如:This is the room in which Miss Li once lived. (= This is the room Miss Li once lived in.) (這是李小姐曾經居住過的房間。)
【二、名詞性從句】
一、名詞性從句的三類連詞
名詞性從句包括主語從句,表語從句,賓語從句和同位語從句。根據這些從句的共同特性,名詞性從句的連詞主要可以分成三類:that, if/ whether和wh-(疑問詞)。
1.如果一個陳述句被用來作為另一個句子的主語、表語、賓語或同位語,那麼我們一般要用that作為連詞。that本身在句子中沒有意思,只起連接作用。
eg. 陳述句:Science is developing very fast.
主語從句:It is known to all that science is developing very fast.
表語從句:The fact is that science is developing very fast.
賓語從句:Everyone knows that science is developing very fast.
同位語從句:The fact that science is developing very fast is known to all.
2.如果一個一般疑問句被用來作為另一個句子的主語、表語、賓語或同位語,那麼我們要用whether或if作為連詞。whether/ if在句子中的意思是「是否」。變成名詞性從句後,原來的疑問句的詞序要改成陳述句的詞序(主語+謂語)。
eg. 一般疑問句:Shall we have a meeting this afternoon?
主語從句:Whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon hasn』t been decided yet.
或:It hasn』t been decided yet whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon.
表語從句:The question is whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon.
賓語從句:Do you know whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon?
同位語從句:None of us can answer the question whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon.
注意:原來的疑問句詞序在從句中都被改變成陳述句的詞序,復合句的標點符號由主句的句型決定。
3.如果一個特殊疑問句被用來作為另一個句子主語、表語、賓語或同位語,那麼我們就保留原來的疑問詞作為連詞,這些疑問詞的意思也保留在從句中。變成名詞性從句之後,原來的疑問句的詞序要改成陳述句的詞序(主語+謂語)
eg. 特殊疑問句:Why did the water become smelly?
主語從句:Why the water became smelly must be found out immediately.
表語從句:The problem is why the water became smelly.
賓語從句:Scientists are trying to find out why the water became smelly.
同位語從句:Scientists are trying to solve the problem why the water became smelly.
注意:跟由一般疑問句被用來作為名詞性從句一樣,特殊疑問句作名詞性從句時,原來的疑問句詞序在從句中都要改變成陳述句的詞序,復合句的標點符號也由主句的句型決定。
此外,還要注意,當特殊疑問句問的主語時,句子的詞序就是陳述句的詞序,如「Who helped you at that time?」「What happened to him later?」「What』s the matter with you?」「What』s wrong with the computer?」,所以這些句子如充當名詞性從句時,詞序就不用再變了。
eg. I don』t know what』s wrong with the computer.
【同位語從句與定語從句的區別】:
cf. A) The information that the film star is seriously ill is not reliable.(同位語從句)
The information that you got from the internet is not reliable. (定語從句)
B) The news that she told me is too good to believe. (定語從句)
The news that I have been admitted into the university is too good to believe. (同位語從句)
這里有倆個高考例題(很容易做錯!可以仔細體會一下):
【1】A modern city has been set up in____ was a wasteland ten years ago.(2004 天津)
A. what B. which
C .that D. where
此題解答時,易把漢語的習慣移植進去:十年前曾是一片廢墟的地方,從而誤選D。本題中,空格及空格後面的部分共同做介詞in的賓語。而在這個賓語從句中,空格部分又要做主語。毫無疑問,where是副詞的性質,從來只能做狀語,決不可能做主語。同時本題有沒有給定一個供選擇的范圍,所以排除了which。正確答案是A
【2】A fast food restaurant is the place ____, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.
A. which B. where C. there D. what
選B。因為在本句中,先行詞是place,同時我們還可以看到後面的從句eating is performed quickly不缺主語,或賓語,所以用關系副詞where。整個句子的意思是:快餐店,正如它的名字所示,就是一個很快的餐的地方。
⑷ 求名詞性從句怎樣解答啊
給你一篇,供你學習,祝你進步!
名詞性從句
英語從句其實就是三個句型的衍生物。掌握了三個句型就已經掌握了名詞性從句。名詞性從句並不難。只是在我們過去學過的三種基本句型中出現名詞的位置上,根據需要將名詞擴大成一個句子,並做小小的改動。也就是說在一個主系表或主謂賓句型中再套上一個主系表或主謂賓的句子而已。注意中英文表達上的區別
I know the teacher
I know that he is rich
I know that there is awallet on the desk.
I know that he studies English
I know that you are a fool.
I believe that you know that she found that SUN is rich.
▲ 由連詞that、if、whether 引導的名詞性從句
主 語 謂 語 賓語(賓語從句)
每個人都知道 地球 圍著太陽 運行。
主語 狀語 謂語
主 語 謂 語 賓語(賓語從句)
●Everyone knows that the earth moves around the sun.
連詞 主 語 謂 語 狀 語
從上面的例句可以看出,賓語從句只是將賓語擴大成一個句子,並用連詞 that 引導。因為 that 沒有實際意思,通常可以省略。
主語(主語從句) 系 表語
地球圍著太陽運行 是 一條真理。
主語(主語從句) 系 表語
● That the Earth moves around the sun is a truth.
形式主語 系 表 語 主語(主語從句)
● It is a truth that the Earth moves around the Sun.
同樣的一個句子,當把它放在主語的位置時,我們便稱其為主語從句。通常將主語從句放在句子的後面,並用 it 代替其原先的位置,叫做形式主語。在這種情況下,連詞 that 通常不省。
主 語 系 表語(表語從句)
● My idea is that we will go to the Great Wall on Sunday.
我的意思是星期天我們去長城。
從上面的句子可以看出將一個完整的句子置於表語的位置,便稱作表語從句。主語從句、表語從句以及賓語從句在句子中所佔的位置是名詞的位置,所以稱它們為名詞性從句。
由連詞if、whether 引導的名詞性從句也是完整的句子,所不同的是 that 在句子中沒有實際意思,可以省略,而 if、whether 因為有是否的意思,故不可省略。
主 謂 賓語從句
● I wonder if he will come.
● I wonder whether he will come ( or not ).
形式主語 系 表 語 主語從句
●It is not clear whether she will come ( or not ).
註:whether 可加 or not 而 if 不能。有時我們可以將由whether引導的主語從句放在句首,if則不能。
● I slept and dreamed that life was beauty;I woke and
found that life was ty.
●Never forget that the most powerful force 力量
on earth is love.
不要忘了,世界上最強大的力量是愛情。--美國實業家洛克菲勒 . N.
Experience proves that most time is wasted, not in hours,
but in minutes.
經驗證明,大部分時間都是被一分鍾一分鍾地而不是一小時一小時地浪費掉的。 --------法國語言學家 梅耶 . P.
I am glad that
I am sorry that
I am sure that
I am afraid that
▲ 由連接代詞who、whom、what、which、whose、how much、how many 引導的名詞性從句
上面列出的連接代詞代替從句中的名詞或修飾名詞的詞,有實際詞義,不能省略。
who -------------- 人(主格,也可用於賓格)
whom ------------ 人(只用於賓格)
what -------------- 物(主格或賓格)
which ------------ 哪一個(名詞的定語)
whose ------------ 誰的(名詞的定語)
how many(much) 多少(代替名詞或做名詞的定語)
主 謂 賓語從句
● I don』t know who bought(buy)買 the English book.
連接代詞做主語(代替人) 謂 賓
主 謂 賓語從句
● I don』t know what you bought.
連接代詞做賓語(代替物)主 謂
主 謂 賓語從句
● I don』t know whose sister bought the English book.
連接代詞做主語的定語(代替誰的) 主 謂 賓
主 謂 賓語從句
● I don』t know which book you bought.
連接代詞做buy的賓語 主 謂
的定語(代替哪一本)
形式主語 系 表 語 主語從句
● It is clear who will be our boss.
系 連接代詞做
主語(代替人)
主語 系 表語從句
● The question is whom we will send there.
連接代詞做 主 謂 狀
賓語(代替誰)
主語 謂語 賓語從句
●Do you know how many books he bought yesterday?
連接代詞做 主 謂 狀
修飾賓語
英文的所謂從句,不過是一個大句子里套了一個或者幾個小句子,我們前面所學的三種基本句型是不變的,這正是英語容易學的地方。
●I forget what I was taught; I only remember what I have learned.
-----------------Patrick White, British novelist
我忘了別人教我的東西,我只記得我自己學的東西。
----------英國小說家 懷特 . P.
● I don't know who my grandfather was. I am much more concerned
(關心)to know what his grandson will be.
-----Abraham Lincoln, American president
我不知道我爺爺是什麼樣的人,我更關心的是,他的孫子會成為什麼樣的人 --------------美國總統林肯 . A.
▲ 由連接副詞where, when, why, how引導的名詞性從句
上面列出的連接副詞代替從句中副詞或介詞短語,有實際意義,在從句中做狀語,不能省略。
where ------------ 地點
when ------------- 時間
why -------------- 原因
how -------------- 方式
賓 語 從 句
● He told me that he studied English hard in the university to go
abroad five years ago. how where why
when
他告訴我,五年前他在大學時,為了出國而努力學習英語。
注意上面that引導的賓語從句中劃線部分,如該部分不明確時,我們就用不同的連接副詞來代替並放在句首。
注意下面句子的變化和連接副詞的位置。
●-He told me how he studied English in the university to go abroad five years ago.
●-He told me where he studied English hard to go abroad five years ago.
●-He told me why he studied English hard in the university five years ago.
●-He told me when he studied English hard in the university to go abroad.
我們同樣可以把帶有連接副詞的句子放在主語或表語的位置上,稱為主語從句或表語從句。
主語 系 表 語 從 句
● The question is how we can get so much money.
狀 主 謂 賓
主語從句
● It is not clear where he got the news.
形式主語 系 表 狀 主 謂 賓
▲ 由連詞that、if、whether 引導的名詞性從句
▲ 由連接代詞who、whom、what、which、whose、how much、how many 引導的名詞性從句
上面列出的連接代詞代替從句中的名詞或修飾名詞的詞,有實際詞義,不能省略。
who -------------- 人(主格,也可用於賓格)
whom ------------ 人(只用於賓格)
what -------------- 物(主格或賓格)
which ------------ 哪一個(名詞的定語)
whose ------------ 誰的(名詞的定語)
how many(much) 多少(代替名詞或做名詞的定語)
▲ 由連接副詞where, when, why, how引導的名詞性從句
上面列出的連接副詞代替從句中副詞或介詞短語,有實際意義,在從句中做狀語,不能省略。
where ------------ 地點
when ------------- 時間
why -------------- 原因
how -------------- 方式
▲ This(that, it)is + because…
當主語是this, that, it時,常用because引導表語從句。
●—Women live longer than men after retirement.
¬¬¬ –– Yes, that is because women can continue to do something they used to do.
課堂練習
一、漢譯英
主語 謂語 賓語從句
1. 我 忘記 我在什麼地方見過他。
用連詞where置於從句句首
I forget where I met him.
主語從句 系 表語從句
2. 你想要的東西 就是 我想要的東西。
用連詞what 用連詞what
What you want is what I want.
主語從句 謂語 賓語
3. 明天我們是否飛上海 取決於 天氣。( depend on )
用連詞if(英語主語從句用形式主語it,從句應放句尾)
It depends on the weather if we can fly to Shanghai
tomorrow.
重要提示
1. 學習名詞性從句特別注意的是詞性及詞序,從詞序上講,是主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句,從詞性上看,它起到的是名詞的作用。
2. 在進行中英文互譯的時候,要特別注意中英文的不同點。
例如:
主語從句 系 表語從句
你愛的那個人 就是 我愛的那個人。
Who you love is who I love.
注意那個人在英文中應用連詞who並置於從句句首,而中文卻在從句的句尾。從上句不難看出,該句是一個大的主系表句型,主語是主語從句,而表語是表語從句,主語從句是個主謂賓,表語從句同樣又是一個主謂賓。所以英文的所謂從句,不過是一個大句子里套了一個或者幾個小句子,我們前面所學的三種基本句型是不變的,這正是英語容易學的地方。
名詞性從句習題1
1. 你相信那個從英國來的賊去年在北京市偷了好多自行車嗎?
Do you believe that the thief stole a lot of bikes in BEIJIN last year?
2. 昨天醫生告訴我,我們老師可能要死了。
The doctor told me that our teacher was going to die.
3. 你知道你們班的那個漂亮的女孩昨天為什麼要偷你們老師的錢包嗎?
Do you know why the beautiful girl of your class stole
the wallet of your teacher?
4. 昨天他告訴我,明年他會掙多少錢。
Yesterday, he told me how much money he (would)was going to make.
5. 我不相信你們班長明天會來。
I do not believe that your monitor will come tomorrow.
6. 昨天他告訴我他在王府井大街買了什麼。
Yesterday , he told me what he had bought in Wang Fu Jin Street.
7. 你知道昨天是誰的妹妹咬了我嗎?
Do you know whose sister bit me yesterday?
名詞性從句習題2
1. 問題是我們怎樣才能搞到那麼多的錢。
The problem is how we can get so much money.
2. 誰是我們的敵人,誰是我們的朋友,是革命的首要問題。
It is most important who are our friends and who are our enemies.
3. 他想要的東西就是一輛汽車。
It is a car what he wants.
4. 他是否會拒絕我,不清楚。
It is not clear whether he will refuse me or not.
5. 他明天通過考試沒有問題。
It is no problem that we will pass the examination tomorrow.
6. 我不知道那個從英國來的老師喜歡誰的妹妹。
I don』t know whose sister the teacher from England likes.
7. 昨天是誰的狗咬了你,不清楚。
It is not clear whose dog bit you yesterday.
8. 明天他是否會參加那個舞會,沒人知道。
It is unknown whether he will take part in the ball or not.
9. 這房子正是他最需要的東西。
The house is what he needs.
10. 我很高興地得知他去年掙了一百萬。
I』m glad to know that he made one million dollar last year.
11. 我很遺憾地聽說你丟了一百萬。
I』m sorry to hear that he lost one million dollar.
12. 你知道你們班長為什麼要殺我嗎?
Do you know why your classmate is going to kill me?
13. 你相信你們班的那個漂亮的女孩昨天尿炕了?
Do you believe that the beautiful girl of your class wetted the bed yesterday ?
⑸ 請問英語名詞性從句的引導詞中的"連接詞"是什麼意思,連接的是什麼能舉例說明嗎實在理解不了,多
以Whatever he does has nothing to do with me.這個名詞性從句為例,連接詞就是whatever。連接詞就是英語中表示「起承轉合」的有鏈接作用的詞語。連接詞有時候連接的是句子與句子或上下文之間的含義,是文章和作者表達的感情更容易背讀者理解。連接詞也不是只用於名詞性從句,他的用法非常廣泛。「Susan is a doctor, but she treats patient badly.」but就是連接詞,表示作者覺得不合常理的事情。
1)表示承接的過渡詞:also,and,and then,too,in addition,furthermore,moreover,what's more, again,on top of that,another,first,second,third等。
(2)表示時間順序的過渡詞:now,then,before,after,afterwards,earlier,later,immediately,soon,next,in a few days,graally,suddenly,finally··等。
(3)表示空間順序的過渡詞:near(to),far(from),in front of,behind,beside,beyond,above,below,to the right/left,around,outside等。
(4)表示比較的過渡詞:in the same way,just like,just as等。
(5)表示轉折的過渡詞:but,still,yet,however,nevertheless,nonetheless,on the contrary,in spite of,even though等。
(6)一方面,另一方面:on the one hand,on the other hand,for one thing,for another等。
(7)表示結果和原因的過渡詞:because,since,so,as a result,therefore,then,thus,otherwise等。
(8)表示目的的過渡詞:for this reason,for this purpose,so that等。
(9)表示強調的過渡詞:in fact,indeed,surely,necessarily,certainly,without any doubt,truly,to repeat,above all,most important等。
(10)表示解釋說明的過渡詞:for example,in fact,in this case,for actually, for instance等。
(11)表示總結的過渡詞:in a word,above all,,all in all,finally,at last,in conclusion,as I have shown,in another word,in brief,in short,in general,on the whole,as has been stated,last but not least等。
(12)表示轉折的過渡詞: But,However,Although / even though, Despite / despite the fact that,In spite of / in spite of the fact that,Nevertheless,Nonetheless,While,Whereas,Unlike,In theory… in practice…
⑹ 名詞性從句連接詞
不能填whom。
首先,名詞性從句這句話里作賓語,也就是賓語從句。這里的賓語從句實際上是一個疑問句( Who is he?)所以用Who。
那麼whom怎麼用呢?它是作賓語時,而且多出現在定語從句中。例如:「I don't know the man whom/ who/(可省略) you want to see.」
懂了嗎?還有什麼不會盡管提出,我們共同學習。
⑺ 20分!求名詞性從句解題技巧!只要詳細,復制也給分!如果好,另外加分!
名詞性從句講解在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句是中學階段的一個重要語法項目,在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到,並且每年的命題各有變化。分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的焦點主要有以下六個方面
1. 考查名詞性從句的語序問題 2. 考查引導詞that與what的區別
3. 考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語或形式賓語的用法 4. 考查whether與if的區別
5. 考查名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問詞引導的狀語從句的區別 6. 考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題
語法要點剖析
一、名詞性從句主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句,在整個句子中所起的作用,相當於一個名詞。因此,這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。
引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:
連接詞:that, whether, if (不充當從句的任何成分)
連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
連接副詞:when, where, how, why
1. 主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當從句的成分。例如:
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什麼,還不清楚。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪裡舉行,還沒有宣布。有時為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放於句首,而把主語從句置於句末。主語從句後的謂語動詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下:
(1)It + be + 名詞 + that從句 (2)It + be + 形容詞 + that從句
(3)It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句 (4)It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣「(should) +do」,常用的句型有:
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…2. 賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。
1. 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句由連接詞that引導賓語從句時,that在句中不擔任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是並列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如:
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認為自己什麼都好,別人什麼都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞後,賓語從句常用「(should)+ 動詞原形」。例如:
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發。
2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯詞引導的賓語從句相當於特殊疑問句,應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如: I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什麼。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人,她都會給予熱情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引導的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if 在作「是否」的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a. 引導主語從句並在句首時;b. 引導表語從句時;c . 引導從句作介詞賓語時;d. 從句後有「or not」時;e. 後接動詞不定式時。例如: Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。
4. 注意賓語從句中的時態呼應,當主句動詞是現在時,從句根據自身的句子情況,而使用
不同時態。例如: he studies English every day. (從句用一般現在時)
he studied English last term. (從句用一般過去時)
I know (that) he will study English next year. (從句用一般將來時)
he has studied English since 1998. (從句用現在完成時)當主句動詞是過去時態(could, would除外),從句則要用相應的過去時態,如一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時等;當從句表示的是客觀真理,科學原理,自然現象,則從句仍用現在時態。例如:The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中,要把上述主句中的動詞變為否定式。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如: We don』t think you are here. 我們認為你不在這。
I don』t believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。
3. 表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,表語從句位於連系動詞後,有時用as if引導。其基本結構為:主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例如:
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。
That is why he didn』t come to the meeting. 那就是他為什麼不到會的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,當主語是reason時,表語從句要用that引導而不是because。例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 4. 同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容。同位語從句通常由that引導,可用於同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什麼時候回來。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。
同位語從句和定語從句的區別: that作為關系代詞,可以引導定語從句,充當句子成分,在從句中作賓語時可以省略; that引導同位語從句時,起連詞的作用,沒有實際意義,不充當句子成分,一般不能省略。
⑻ 名詞性從句連接詞和連接副詞怎麼選用,連接代詞是缺賓語或者主語用,可是如果句子成分完整
連接代詞是缺賓語或者主語用;如果句子成分完整,需要使用連接副詞
或者介詞+連接代詞;
i know that she lied to us ,that是連接詞,什麼成分都不作。
i don't know whether/if she lied to us,whether/if是連接詞,什麼成分都不作。
i don't know who lied to us,who是連接代詞,在賓從作主語。
i don't know why /for which she lied to us,why連接副詞,在賓從作狀語。
⑼ 做英語名詞性從句單項選擇的大題步驟是什麼,該先考慮什麼後考慮什麼
做英語名詞性從句單項選擇的答題步驟是什麼,該先考慮什麼後考慮什麼?
答:你問的好象是名詞性從句的專題練習,這樣的話,比做語法單項選擇題要簡單得多,因為你已經知道,所有的題都是名詞性從句。
如果是這種情況的話,做題就簡單了,這樣的題目,就是讓你選擇合適的連接詞。
你知道要熟悉引導名詞性從句的連詞,理解題句的意思,作出正確選擇並不難。
引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分兩大類:
一、由陳述句變過來的用that引導。
二、由疑問句變過來的用wh-詞引導。
又可分三類:
1. 由一般疑問句變過來的,用whether (如果是動詞的賓語,可用if 代替)
2. 由特殊疑問句變過來的,又有兩類:
a. 連接代詞:what, who, whom,which,whose (+名詞),
b. 連接副詞:when, where, why, how
3. 相當於一個名詞的純名詞性從句,如:what he said=the word(s) that he said, 並不是由一個特殊疑問句變過來的。它相當於一個名詞+限制性定語從句。上面的wh-詞,what, when, where, why,都有這種功能如:This is where I was born. 中where= the place where-定從。
還有whoever, whatever,只能引導這類純名詞性從句。
還是找幾題名詞性從句的題來分析一下吧。否則只是紙上談兵。借用一下四級現成的題:
1. ______ she couldn』t understand was ______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what
C. What; because D. Why; that
答:A
譯:她所不能理解的【那個事情】是【為什麼】對她的課感興趣的學生越來越少了。
析:was前面的是主語從句。三個詞都可以引導。that引導的是一個完整的陳述句,而understand缺少賓語。關系副詞why也不能作它的賓語,只有what=the thing +that-定從。指她不能理解的那個事情(東西,根據實際情況翻譯,一般譯到「。。。的」就可以了。
另外,還有一個技巧,你看第一空的選項比是What2:That1:Why1, 可以判斷選what的可能性較大,因為如果能唯一確定是That或Why的話,第二空就不起作用了。而確定了What之後,還要對第二空進行選擇。
而第二空,就要憑對句子的理解及選項詞義的理解了。她不能理解的是【為什麼】。。。,而不是【因為】,所以選A。
2. ______ breaks the law should be punished, that is to say, we will punish ______ breaks the law.
A. Anyone, whoever B. Whoever, whoever
C. No matter who, whoever
D. Whomever, whom
答:B
譯:任何一個違法者都應受到懲罰,也就是說,我們將懲罰任何一個從第一句的謂語should be punished知道,前面的是主語從句,而且是不帶疑問性質的純名詞性從句,應受罰的肯定是人。Anyone後面少了who (在定語從句作主語的關系代詞不能省略),排除A。
No matter who是引導讓步狀語從句的,排除C
Whomever在從句中應該是作賓語的,但breaks the law 缺少的是主語,排除D。
所以會做的光憑第一空就能知道正確答案是B。
第二空憑數學和心理學知識知道肯定是選whoever ,因為選項比是whoever 3:whom 1.
本題的第二空沒有意義。
3. ______ they won the game was ______ we had expected.
A. That; that B.Whether; that
C. /; what D.That; what
答:D
譯:他們贏得了比賽的勝利,這是我們意料中的事情。
析:was 前面的應該是主語從句,必須要有引導詞,排除C。(C項的第二空很有可能是正確的,做題技巧,因為兩個空的,不太會給兩個都是錯的選項,因為這太容易排除)
從was後面的表述來看,不象是個問題,排除B。所以可以判斷第一空是that,表示一件事情,答案在AD中。
that引導的是一個完整的陳述句變過來的名詞性從句。expect缺少賓語,排除A。選D
同樣,兩空的選擇題,可以從選項比例輔助判斷正確答案。前空:that2:/1:Whether 1, 填that的可能性大。 後空:that2:what2 ,兩個都有可能,但最早排除的C項的2空可能是對的。
4. My teacher did____ he could ____ me with my English.
A. what; to help B. all that; help
C. all what; help D. all what; to help
答:A
譯:我的老師做了他所能做的【】來幫助我學習英語。
析:本題不僅考查名詞性從句,還考查省略和非謂語動詞。
all是不定代詞,可以指代「一切事情」,可以作先行詞,後用that-引導的限制性定語從句。what 是不能引導定語從句的,排除CD
all that he could (do) 和what he could (do)[=the things that he could (do)] 功能一樣,只是意思更強一點,表示他做了他所能做的一切。答案在AB中間。
第二空,目光短淺、不理解句意,只知道情態動詞後+動詞原形者,可能會排除A選B: could help 而丟分,他不知道,could 與to help 不是一家人(不是一個意群),其實是為了避免重復,could後省略了一個實義動詞do, 因為前面提到過了,有個did! 而不定式短語to help me with my English實際上在句子中是作目的狀語的,完全可以提前,還可以加上In order (to help me ...), 為了幫助我。。。, 他。。。。
5. 「Keep one』s word」means you do ______ you have told someone ______ you would do.
A. that; that B.that; what
C. what; that D.what; what
答:C
譯:「守信」,意味著(也就是)你做你已經告訴過別人你要做的事。
析:第一個do後面應該是一個名詞純名詞性從句,用what 引導,=the things that-定語從句。
而在這個從句中, You have told someone that you would do (sth.) 你已經告訴過某個人,你將要做一件事。這里的sth. 就是那件事,所以這個what 在名詞性從句中是作第二個do的賓語的。
此題句太拗口,為出題而生造了好幾個從句。
【PS】以上文字,除引用了5道選擇題外,全部手工輸入,你絕對在網上找不到現成的。
⑽ 介紹名詞性從句以及怎樣選擇連接詞
一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞
引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:
連接詞:that,whether,if 不充當從句的任何成分)
連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
連接副詞:when, where, how, why
不可省略的連詞:
1. 介詞後的連詞
2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比較:
whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引導主語從句並在句首
2. 引導表語從句
3. whether從句作介詞賓語
4. 從句後有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置於句末,用 it充當形式主語。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
二. 主語從句
作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當從句的成分。例如:
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什麼,還不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪裡舉行,還沒有宣布。
有時為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放於句首,而把主語從句置於句末。主語從句後的謂語動詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下:
(1) It + be + 名詞 + that從句
(2)It + be + 形容詞 + that從句
(3)It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句
(4)It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句
另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣「(should) +do」,常用的句型有:
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
二、賓語從句
名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。
1. 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句
由連接詞that引導賓語從句時,that在句中不擔任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是並列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如:
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認為自己什麼都好,別人什麼都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞後,賓語從句常用「(should)+ 動詞原形」。例如:
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發。
2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯詞引導的賓語從句相當於特殊疑問句,應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如:
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什麼。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人,她都會給予熱情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引導的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if 在作「是否」的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a. 引導主語從句並在句首時;b. 引導表語從句時;c . 引導從句作介詞賓語時;d. 從句後有「or not」時;e. 後接動詞不定式時。例如:
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。
I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他來還是不來。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留?
4. 注意賓語從句中的時態呼應,當主句動詞是現在時,從句根據自身的句子情況,而使用
不同時態。例如:
he studies English every day. (從句用一般現在時)
he studied English last term. (從句用一般過去時)
I know (that) he will study English next year. (從句用一般將來時)
he has studied English since 1998. (從句用現在完成時)
當主句動詞是過去時態(could, would除外),從句則要用相應的過去時態,如一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時等;當從句表示的是客觀真理,科學原理,自然現象,則從句仍用現在時態。例如:
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中,要把上述主句中的動詞變為否定式。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:
We don』t think you are here. 我們認為你不在這。
I don』t believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。
三、表語從句
在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,表語從句位於連系動詞後,有時用as if引導。其基本結構為:主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例如:
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。
That』s just what I want. 這正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問題所在。
That is why he didn』t come to the meeting. 那就是他為什麼不到會的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,當主語是reason時,表語從句要用that引導而不是because。例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning
四. 同位語從句
同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容。同位語從句通常由that引導,可用於同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什麼時候回來。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。
同位語從句和定語從句的區別:
that作為關系代詞,可以引導定語從句,充當句子成分,在從句中作賓語時可以省略; that引導同位語從句時,起連詞的作用,沒有實際意義,不充當句子成分,一般不能省略。
試比較下面兩個例句:
I had no idea that you were here.(that引導同位語從句,不能省略)
Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引導定語從句,作賓語,可以省略)
五、名詞性that-從句
1)由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。 That只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔任任何成分,本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語,例如:
主語:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他還活著全靠運氣。
賓語:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。
表語:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。
同位語:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近來誰也沒有見過他,這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。
形容詞賓語:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你對工作滿意我感到很高興。
2)That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞,而將that-從句置於句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整個計劃註定要失敗。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系:
a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明顯……
b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句
It is believed that… 人們相信……
It is known to all that… 從所周知……
It has been decided that… 已決定……
c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常識
It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事實是……
d. It +不及物動詞+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
六、名詞性wh-從句
1)由wh-詞引導的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外,還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等,例如:
主語: How the book will sell depends on its author. 書銷售如何取決於作者本人。
直接賓語:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家裡可以隨心所欲。
間接賓語:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱樂部將給得勝者設獎。
表語: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。
賓語補足語:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什麼名字就取什麼名字。
同位語: I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什麼時候回來。
形容詞賓語:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什麼拒絕他們的邀請。
介詞賓語: That depends on where we shall go.
那取決於我們去哪兒。
2)Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語,而將wh-從句置於句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
還沒決定誰做這項工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時結婚依然不明。
七、if, whether引導的名詞從句
1)yes-no型疑問從句
從屬連詞if, whether引導的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉化而來的,因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句,其功能和wh-從句的功能相同, 例如:
主語:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計劃是否可行還有等證實。
賓語:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。
表語:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 問題在於我們是否應該借錢給他。
同位語:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他們調查他是否值得信賴。
形容詞賓語: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。
介詞賓語: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我擔心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。
2)選擇性疑問從句
選擇性疑問從句由關聯詞if/whether…or或whethe…or not構成,例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。
八、否定轉移
1) 將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動詞後面賓語從句的否定詞轉移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。
I don't think I know you. 我想我並不認識你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回來。
注意:若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。
2) 將seem, appear 等後的從句的否定轉移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看來他們不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。
3) 有時將動名詞,介詞短語或整個從句的否定轉變為對謂語動詞的否定。
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我記得從未見過這樣一個人。 (not否定動名詞短語 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
在這里,人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。
(anyone 作主語,從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。)
4) 有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉移到謂語動詞前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定狀語) 螞蟻不只是為自己採食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because狀語) 他並不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何,就輕信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定狀語many weeks) 她結婚還不到幾個月,這個人的弟弟就看見她了,並對她的美貌著了迷。
九、高考熱點透視
1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
答案D。當名詞從句在句中作主語時,為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用it作形式主語置於句首,而將真正的主語從句放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導作用,本身無實義。此句也可以改寫為:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
2.A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do.(NMET2001)
A.how B.after C.what D.when
答案C。從句子結構可知,句子的空白處應該填引導賓語從句的連詞,做主句謂語動詞do的賓語,同時該連接詞還是從句中的do的賓語,因此,此處的連接詞應該用what。
3. He asked ____ for a violin.(MET1992)
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
答案:D。賓語從句相當於特殊疑問句,句子語序要用陳述語序。
4. What the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.(上海2001年春季招生)
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
答案C。這是一個表語從句。根據 doubt一詞可知,所懷疑的應是是否能治好病,所以要填whether。這句話的意思是「醫生真的懷疑我媽媽是否能很快從重病中恢復過來。」
5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. (NMET1997)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
答案B。根據句意「一般認為孩子要什麼就給什麼是不好的。」可以看出後面的從句應是一個賓語從句,而從句中wants缺少賓語,A. however 和D. whenever是不能作賓語的;排除A和D,whichever表示「無論哪一個,無論哪些」,應表示一定范圍內的人或物,此處沒有涉及事物的范圍,所以應選 B.whatever,表示「無論什麼」。
6. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
答案C。本題句子的意思是:無論誰最後離開房間一定要把燈關掉。本題考查連接代詞whoever引導的名詞性從句,連接代詞whoever可以引導名詞性從句,並在從句中作主語,相當於any person who或The person who, 意為「一切……的人」。而anyone和the person均非連詞,不能引導從句,況who leaves the room last意為「某個最後離開房間的人」,與題意不符,如果要選A. Anyone或B. The person,都必須在它們後面再加上引導定語從句的關系代詞who。如果要選D. Who就體現不出「無論誰」的含義了。
7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. (Shanghai1995)
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
答案為C。本題句子的意思是:Sarah希望跟自己有共同愛好的人交朋友。疑問詞+ever引導的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問詞引導的從句的區別是:前者既可以引導名詞性從句也可以引導讓步狀語從句;後者只能引導讓步狀語從句。首先排除A和D,從句中需要的是主語,所以whomever也不行。
8. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)
A. why B. what C. when D. where
答案A。根據語境,甲說上周驅車去珠海觀看航模展覽。乙據此來詢問甲這是否是請幾天假的原因,故答案是A。答案B,C, D均與該題語境不符。根據上句提供的語境,下句應該問「那就是你為什麼離開幾天的原因嗎?」
9. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. ( NMET1993)
A. when B. how C. where D. what
答案A。根據從句中缺少的句子成分是狀語,排除D.what,而答案C, D均與題意不符,所以應選A.when。used to be表示一種過去存在的狀態,本句的意思是「我仍然記得這里在什麼時候是個寧靜的地方。」
10.I read about it in some book or other,does it matter ____ it was?(2001春季招生)
A.where B.what C.how D.which
答案D。這是一個主語從句。主語從句中缺少表語。從上句的意思分析,應是哪本書,所以要填which,這句話的意思是「我在某本書中讀到過有關這方面的內容,是哪一本書重要嗎?」。
11. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C when D. as (2001年上海)
答案B。該題考查that引導的同位語從句。同位語從句通常由that引導,接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名詞後,用來解釋或說明名詞的內容。
12. —I think it is going to be a big problem.
—Yes, it could be.
—I wonder ______ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季)
A、if B、how C、what D、that
答案C。本題考察名詞性從句的連接詞的用法。wonder後面應跟賓語從句,而從句中的謂語動詞do是及物動詞,可見從句缺少一個代替賓語的成分,我們可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that,再排除引導方式狀語的how,答案是C,句子的意思是「我們能就此做些什麼」。
十、專項考點練習
1. ________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.
A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says
2. _____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
3. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination.
A. whether B. if C. that D. how
4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn』t like _____ it used to be .
A .what B. how C. that D. which
5. ____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.
A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether
6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.
A .that B. how C .what D. where
7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be ring the past few years.
A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow
C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown
8. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _______.
A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along
C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along
9. ____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.
A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what
10. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. which C. that D. whichever
11. _____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person
12. Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
13. ____ she couldn』t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that
14. It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.
A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what
15. It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front.
A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go
16. The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.
A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give
C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give
17. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______.
A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be put off
18. Go and get your coat.It's ____ you left it.
A. where B. there C. here where D. where there
19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
20. You can』t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
Keys:
1---5 A A ABA 6---10 CDABA 11----15 CCAA C 16---20 BAACB