⑴ 名词性从句具体细则
语法基础知识 名词性从句结构从句根据性质不同可分为:名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。根据句法功能的不同,名词性从句可分为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句多由连词that, wh-word疑问词,连接代词who, which,连接副词when where等引导。这一单元我们重点讲解表语从句(即名词性从句用作表语)和宾语从句(即名词性从句用作宾语)的情况。1.名词性从句用作表语(表语从句)名词性从句放在系动词之后,用作表语,构成系表结构,用来表示某一事实,也能表示某人的意见、信念、要求和希望等。表语从句由连词that, whether, if连接,也可以用连接代词what, who或连接副词why, where, when, how等连接。例如:①The first question I put to him was whether he would do it.我向他提的第一个问题就是他是否要做那工作。②The problem was if they would attend the conference.问题是他们是否去参加会议。③This is what I had wanted to say.这就是我本来要说的话。④The question was how we could get to the railway station.问题是我们怎样到达火车站。⑤That was why I was so frightened at that time.那就是为什么我当时如此害怕的原因。⑥Our plan is that we'll finish the experiment in a quarter.我们的计划是在一刻钟内完成这项实验。⑦His wish is that he should go to work in the United States.他的愿望是到美国去工作。⑧Our greatest happiness is that we can serve the people with all our hearts.我们最大的幸福是全心全意为人民服务。2.名词性从句用作宾语(宾语从句)由连词、连接代词或连接副词引导的名词性从句,放在谓语动词、非谓语动词或介词之后,用作宾语,表示动作的对象。例如:①They said that they had been there for a year.他们说他们在那儿呆了一年了。②I don't understand what they are talking about.我不明白他们在谈些什么。③I wish that I knew where they live at present.但愿我知道他们目前在哪儿住就好了。④I wonder if you would mind helping me.不知道你是否能帮我的忙。⑤I shall not forget when the meeting will open.我不会忘记开会的时间。⑥We always gave whoever came to us valuable guidance.无论谁到我们这里来,我们总是给予有用的指导。⑦You have to think of what you should do next.你必须考虑下一步怎么办。⑧“We can write about whatever topic we prefer.”said the teacher.老师说我们可以写我们喜欢的任何题目。⑨We found it very strange that no one would take the money.我们很感到奇怪,谁也不要这笔钱。3.名词从句用作同位语同位语从句是名词性从句,一般跟在某些抽象名词(如belief, fact, hope, idea, news, problem, possibility等)的后面,用以说明或解释前面的名词。同位语从句用连词that, whether引导,也可用连接代词what或连接副词why等引导。例如:①We ought to discuss carefully the important question whether we can do it or not.我们应该细心讨论一下这个重要问题,就是我们是否能做这项工作。②I have no idea that such a little girl knows much about the experiment.我没有想到这个小女孩对这项实验知道的那么多。③The news that his daughter had won the first prize was a great pleasure to him.他女儿获得一等奖的消息对他来说是很值得开心的事情。④The fact that this book is completely sold out speaks in its favour.这本书全卖出去的事实说明了它是受欢迎的。⑤The idea that computers will recognize human voices surprises many people.电脑将能辨出人的声音,这个想法让很多人吃惊。⑥The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. 多数劳动者都可以在家上班,这种可能性常常被提出来探讨。⑦I have no idea when Jack will be back.我不知到杰克什么时候回来。⑧He can't answer the question how he got the money.这笔钱他是怎样得到的,对这个问题他不能回答。4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别比较下列两个例句:①We expressed the hope(that)they had expressed.我们表达了他们曾经表达的那种希望。(定语从句)②We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.我们表示希望他们再来中国访问。(同位语从句)1)从语法的角度上看,引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起连接的作用,在从句中并不作任何句子成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除了起连接作用外,还在从句中作句子成分(如句①中的that在从句中作宾语)。又如:③We were overjoyed at the news(that)he told us.我们听到他说的消息,高兴极了。④We were overjoyed at the news that the school would organize a trip to the Great Wall.听到学校将组织大家去长城游览的消息,我们高兴极了。2)从语意的角度上看,同位语从句与它前面的名词(如hope)是同位关系,表示这个“希望”的内容是“他们再来中国访问”;而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系,表示“……的”(如句①中的“他们曾经表示过的”),起修饰作用。又如:⑤Have you heard the news that a war has broken out in the Middle East? 你听到在中东爆发战争的消息了吗?⑥Have you heard the news(that)I just told you?你听说过我刚告诉你的消息了吗?3)同位语从句的连词that一般不能省略;而定语从句中的关系代词that,当其在句中作宾语时,常常可以省略(如①中的that可以省略)。又如:⑦The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is good.我们轮流打扫教室这个建议很好。
⑵ 英语名词性从句的连接词
1。借此后面的名字性从句就只有宾语从句,连接宾语从句的常用的连词有:that, if, whether, who, whom, whose, what, when, where, how, why, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等。
The new book is about animals。
2。主语从句That we can’t get seems better than what we have。
同位语从句The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
⑶ 高一名词性从句,定语从句。总是分不清。可以详解么要有例题~~(高分悬赏)
(这里因为篇幅有限,所以并不是特别详细,其实可以买一本语法书看看,比较实在,网上看东西会比较浮躁,看书的效果最好!)
【一、定语从句】
定义:在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
① 定语从句的位置:放在名词或代词的后面。如:The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。)
② 语法术语的改变:被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词;引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,其中that、which、who称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词。
③ 关系代词或关系副词的作用:
关系代词who、whom 和whose指人,分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which指物that多指物, 有时也指人,它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days. (这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。) / Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in. (请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间。)
关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。如:This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。) / I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。)
④ 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,这种从句是一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不致于影响主句的意思。如:She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of. (她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书,我们一个人都没有听说过那本书。)
[注解]
1、关系代词只能用that的情况:当先行词是指事物的不定代词(all, anything等),或先行词部分含有最高级,或含有序数词时,不能用其他的关系代词,只能用that. 如:All that Lily told me seems untrue. (Lily告诉我的话似乎不真实。) / Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? (能不能给我点里面没有糖的东西?) / This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. (这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。)
2、关系代词在从句中作主语时一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。 如:Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner? (你认识那个在角落里哭泣的女人吗?) / Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me. (跟我无关的话,请一个字也不要说。)
3、关系代词作从句的宾语时,常用which或whom,较少使用that或who,而且,关系代词常常省略。如:Tom’s father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to. (Tom的父亲是我们老师第一个谈话的人。)
4、当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,必须用which或whom,而当介词移到句尾时,则又可以使用that或who. 如:This is the room in which Miss Li once lived. (= This is the room Miss Li once lived in.) (这是李小姐曾经居住过的房间。)
【二、名词性从句】
一、名词性从句的三类连词
名词性从句包括主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句。根据这些从句的共同特性,名词性从句的连词主要可以分成三类:that, if/ whether和wh-(疑问词)。
1.如果一个陈述句被用来作为另一个句子的主语、表语、宾语或同位语,那么我们一般要用that作为连词。that本身在句子中没有意思,只起连接作用。
eg. 陈述句:Science is developing very fast.
主语从句:It is known to all that science is developing very fast.
表语从句:The fact is that science is developing very fast.
宾语从句:Everyone knows that science is developing very fast.
同位语从句:The fact that science is developing very fast is known to all.
2.如果一个一般疑问句被用来作为另一个句子的主语、表语、宾语或同位语,那么我们要用whether或if作为连词。whether/ if在句子中的意思是“是否”。变成名词性从句后,原来的疑问句的词序要改成陈述句的词序(主语+谓语)。
eg. 一般疑问句:Shall we have a meeting this afternoon?
主语从句:Whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon hasn’t been decided yet.
或:It hasn’t been decided yet whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon.
表语从句:The question is whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon.
宾语从句:Do you know whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon?
同位语从句:None of us can answer the question whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon.
注意:原来的疑问句词序在从句中都被改变成陈述句的词序,复合句的标点符号由主句的句型决定。
3.如果一个特殊疑问句被用来作为另一个句子主语、表语、宾语或同位语,那么我们就保留原来的疑问词作为连词,这些疑问词的意思也保留在从句中。变成名词性从句之后,原来的疑问句的词序要改成陈述句的词序(主语+谓语)
eg. 特殊疑问句:Why did the water become smelly?
主语从句:Why the water became smelly must be found out immediately.
表语从句:The problem is why the water became smelly.
宾语从句:Scientists are trying to find out why the water became smelly.
同位语从句:Scientists are trying to solve the problem why the water became smelly.
注意:跟由一般疑问句被用来作为名词性从句一样,特殊疑问句作名词性从句时,原来的疑问句词序在从句中都要改变成陈述句的词序,复合句的标点符号也由主句的句型决定。
此外,还要注意,当特殊疑问句问的主语时,句子的词序就是陈述句的词序,如“Who helped you at that time?”“What happened to him later?”“What’s the matter with you?”“What’s wrong with the computer?”,所以这些句子如充当名词性从句时,词序就不用再变了。
eg. I don’t know what’s wrong with the computer.
【同位语从句与定语从句的区别】:
cf. A) The information that the film star is seriously ill is not reliable.(同位语从句)
The information that you got from the internet is not reliable. (定语从句)
B) The news that she told me is too good to believe. (定语从句)
The news that I have been admitted into the university is too good to believe. (同位语从句)
这里有俩个高考例题(很容易做错!可以仔细体会一下):
【1】A modern city has been set up in____ was a wasteland ten years ago.(2004 天津)
A. what B. which
C .that D. where
此题解答时,易把汉语的习惯移植进去:十年前曾是一片废墟的地方,从而误选D。本题中,空格及空格后面的部分共同做介词in的宾语。而在这个宾语从句中,空格部分又要做主语。毫无疑问,where是副词的性质,从来只能做状语,决不可能做主语。同时本题有没有给定一个供选择的范围,所以排除了which。正确答案是A
【2】A fast food restaurant is the place ____, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.
A. which B. where C. there D. what
选B。因为在本句中,先行词是place,同时我们还可以看到后面的从句eating is performed quickly不缺主语,或宾语,所以用关系副词where。整个句子的意思是:快餐店,正如它的名字所示,就是一个很快的餐的地方。
⑷ 求名词性从句怎样解答啊
给你一篇,供你学习,祝你进步!
名词性从句
英语从句其实就是三个句型的衍生物。掌握了三个句型就已经掌握了名词性从句。名词性从句并不难。只是在我们过去学过的三种基本句型中出现名词的位置上,根据需要将名词扩大成一个句子,并做小小的改动。也就是说在一个主系表或主谓宾句型中再套上一个主系表或主谓宾的句子而已。注意中英文表达上的区别
I know the teacher
I know that he is rich
I know that there is awallet on the desk.
I know that he studies English
I know that you are a fool.
I believe that you know that she found that SUN is rich.
▲ 由连词that、if、whether 引导的名词性从句
主 语 谓 语 宾语(宾语从句)
每个人都知道 地球 围着太阳 运行。
主语 状语 谓语
主 语 谓 语 宾语(宾语从句)
●Everyone knows that the earth moves around the sun.
连词 主 语 谓 语 状 语
从上面的例句可以看出,宾语从句只是将宾语扩大成一个句子,并用连词 that 引导。因为 that 没有实际意思,通常可以省略。
主语(主语从句) 系 表语
地球围着太阳运行 是 一条真理。
主语(主语从句) 系 表语
● That the Earth moves around the sun is a truth.
形式主语 系 表 语 主语(主语从句)
● It is a truth that the Earth moves around the Sun.
同样的一个句子,当把它放在主语的位置时,我们便称其为主语从句。通常将主语从句放在句子的后面,并用 it 代替其原先的位置,叫做形式主语。在这种情况下,连词 that 通常不省。
主 语 系 表语(表语从句)
● My idea is that we will go to the Great Wall on Sunday.
我的意思是星期天我们去长城。
从上面的句子可以看出将一个完整的句子置于表语的位置,便称作表语从句。主语从句、表语从句以及宾语从句在句子中所占的位置是名词的位置,所以称它们为名词性从句。
由连词if、whether 引导的名词性从句也是完整的句子,所不同的是 that 在句子中没有实际意思,可以省略,而 if、whether 因为有是否的意思,故不可省略。
主 谓 宾语从句
● I wonder if he will come.
● I wonder whether he will come ( or not ).
形式主语 系 表 语 主语从句
●It is not clear whether she will come ( or not ).
注:whether 可加 or not 而 if 不能。有时我们可以将由whether引导的主语从句放在句首,if则不能。
● I slept and dreamed that life was beauty;I woke and
found that life was ty.
●Never forget that the most powerful force 力量
on earth is love.
不要忘了,世界上最强大的力量是爱情。--美国实业家洛克菲勒 . N.
Experience proves that most time is wasted, not in hours,
but in minutes.
经验证明,大部分时间都是被一分钟一分钟地而不是一小时一小时地浪费掉的。 --------法国语言学家 梅耶 . P.
I am glad that
I am sorry that
I am sure that
I am afraid that
▲ 由连接代词who、whom、what、which、whose、how much、how many 引导的名词性从句
上面列出的连接代词代替从句中的名词或修饰名词的词,有实际词义,不能省略。
who -------------- 人(主格,也可用于宾格)
whom ------------ 人(只用于宾格)
what -------------- 物(主格或宾格)
which ------------ 哪一个(名词的定语)
whose ------------ 谁的(名词的定语)
how many(much) 多少(代替名词或做名词的定语)
主 谓 宾语从句
● I don’t know who bought(buy)买 the English book.
连接代词做主语(代替人) 谓 宾
主 谓 宾语从句
● I don’t know what you bought.
连接代词做宾语(代替物)主 谓
主 谓 宾语从句
● I don’t know whose sister bought the English book.
连接代词做主语的定语(代替谁的) 主 谓 宾
主 谓 宾语从句
● I don’t know which book you bought.
连接代词做buy的宾语 主 谓
的定语(代替哪一本)
形式主语 系 表 语 主语从句
● It is clear who will be our boss.
系 连接代词做
主语(代替人)
主语 系 表语从句
● The question is whom we will send there.
连接代词做 主 谓 状
宾语(代替谁)
主语 谓语 宾语从句
●Do you know how many books he bought yesterday?
连接代词做 主 谓 状
修饰宾语
英文的所谓从句,不过是一个大句子里套了一个或者几个小句子,我们前面所学的三种基本句型是不变的,这正是英语容易学的地方。
●I forget what I was taught; I only remember what I have learned.
-----------------Patrick White, British novelist
我忘了别人教我的东西,我只记得我自己学的东西。
----------英国小说家 怀特 . P.
● I don't know who my grandfather was. I am much more concerned
(关心)to know what his grandson will be.
-----Abraham Lincoln, American president
我不知道我爷爷是什么样的人,我更关心的是,他的孙子会成为什么样的人 --------------美国总统林肯 . A.
▲ 由连接副词where, when, why, how引导的名词性从句
上面列出的连接副词代替从句中副词或介词短语,有实际意义,在从句中做状语,不能省略。
where ------------ 地点
when ------------- 时间
why -------------- 原因
how -------------- 方式
宾 语 从 句
● He told me that he studied English hard in the university to go
abroad five years ago. how where why
when
他告诉我,五年前他在大学时,为了出国而努力学习英语。
注意上面that引导的宾语从句中划线部分,如该部分不明确时,我们就用不同的连接副词来代替并放在句首。
注意下面句子的变化和连接副词的位置。
●-He told me how he studied English in the university to go abroad five years ago.
●-He told me where he studied English hard to go abroad five years ago.
●-He told me why he studied English hard in the university five years ago.
●-He told me when he studied English hard in the university to go abroad.
我们同样可以把带有连接副词的句子放在主语或表语的位置上,称为主语从句或表语从句。
主语 系 表 语 从 句
● The question is how we can get so much money.
状 主 谓 宾
主语从句
● It is not clear where he got the news.
形式主语 系 表 状 主 谓 宾
▲ 由连词that、if、whether 引导的名词性从句
▲ 由连接代词who、whom、what、which、whose、how much、how many 引导的名词性从句
上面列出的连接代词代替从句中的名词或修饰名词的词,有实际词义,不能省略。
who -------------- 人(主格,也可用于宾格)
whom ------------ 人(只用于宾格)
what -------------- 物(主格或宾格)
which ------------ 哪一个(名词的定语)
whose ------------ 谁的(名词的定语)
how many(much) 多少(代替名词或做名词的定语)
▲ 由连接副词where, when, why, how引导的名词性从句
上面列出的连接副词代替从句中副词或介词短语,有实际意义,在从句中做状语,不能省略。
where ------------ 地点
when ------------- 时间
why -------------- 原因
how -------------- 方式
▲ This(that, it)is + because…
当主语是this, that, it时,常用because引导表语从句。
●—Women live longer than men after retirement.
¬¬¬ –– Yes, that is because women can continue to do something they used to do.
课堂练习
一、汉译英
主语 谓语 宾语从句
1. 我 忘记 我在什么地方见过他。
用连词where置于从句句首
I forget where I met him.
主语从句 系 表语从句
2. 你想要的东西 就是 我想要的东西。
用连词what 用连词what
What you want is what I want.
主语从句 谓语 宾语
3. 明天我们是否飞上海 取决于 天气。( depend on )
用连词if(英语主语从句用形式主语it,从句应放句尾)
It depends on the weather if we can fly to Shanghai
tomorrow.
重要提示
1. 学习名词性从句特别注意的是词性及词序,从词序上讲,是主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句,从词性上看,它起到的是名词的作用。
2. 在进行中英文互译的时候,要特别注意中英文的不同点。
例如:
主语从句 系 表语从句
你爱的那个人 就是 我爱的那个人。
Who you love is who I love.
注意那个人在英文中应用连词who并置于从句句首,而中文却在从句的句尾。从上句不难看出,该句是一个大的主系表句型,主语是主语从句,而表语是表语从句,主语从句是个主谓宾,表语从句同样又是一个主谓宾。所以英文的所谓从句,不过是一个大句子里套了一个或者几个小句子,我们前面所学的三种基本句型是不变的,这正是英语容易学的地方。
名词性从句习题1
1. 你相信那个从英国来的贼去年在北京市偷了好多自行车吗?
Do you believe that the thief stole a lot of bikes in BEIJIN last year?
2. 昨天医生告诉我,我们老师可能要死了。
The doctor told me that our teacher was going to die.
3. 你知道你们班的那个漂亮的女孩昨天为什么要偷你们老师的钱包吗?
Do you know why the beautiful girl of your class stole
the wallet of your teacher?
4. 昨天他告诉我,明年他会挣多少钱。
Yesterday, he told me how much money he (would)was going to make.
5. 我不相信你们班长明天会来。
I do not believe that your monitor will come tomorrow.
6. 昨天他告诉我他在王府井大街买了什么。
Yesterday , he told me what he had bought in Wang Fu Jin Street.
7. 你知道昨天是谁的妹妹咬了我吗?
Do you know whose sister bit me yesterday?
名词性从句习题2
1. 问题是我们怎样才能搞到那么多的钱。
The problem is how we can get so much money.
2. 谁是我们的敌人,谁是我们的朋友,是革命的首要问题。
It is most important who are our friends and who are our enemies.
3. 他想要的东西就是一辆汽车。
It is a car what he wants.
4. 他是否会拒绝我,不清楚。
It is not clear whether he will refuse me or not.
5. 他明天通过考试没有问题。
It is no problem that we will pass the examination tomorrow.
6. 我不知道那个从英国来的老师喜欢谁的妹妹。
I don’t know whose sister the teacher from England likes.
7. 昨天是谁的狗咬了你,不清楚。
It is not clear whose dog bit you yesterday.
8. 明天他是否会参加那个舞会,没人知道。
It is unknown whether he will take part in the ball or not.
9. 这房子正是他最需要的东西。
The house is what he needs.
10. 我很高兴地得知他去年挣了一百万。
I’m glad to know that he made one million dollar last year.
11. 我很遗憾地听说你丢了一百万。
I’m sorry to hear that he lost one million dollar.
12. 你知道你们班长为什么要杀我吗?
Do you know why your classmate is going to kill me?
13. 你相信你们班的那个漂亮的女孩昨天尿炕了?
Do you believe that the beautiful girl of your class wetted the bed yesterday ?
⑸ 请问英语名词性从句的引导词中的"连接词"是什么意思,连接的是什么能举例说明吗实在理解不了,多
以Whatever he does has nothing to do with me.这个名词性从句为例,连接词就是whatever。连接词就是英语中表示“起承转合”的有链接作用的词语。连接词有时候连接的是句子与句子或上下文之间的含义,是文章和作者表达的感情更容易背读者理解。连接词也不是只用于名词性从句,他的用法非常广泛。“Susan is a doctor, but she treats patient badly.”but就是连接词,表示作者觉得不合常理的事情。
1)表示承接的过渡词:also,and,and then,too,in addition,furthermore,moreover,what's more, again,on top of that,another,first,second,third等。
(2)表示时间顺序的过渡词:now,then,before,after,afterwards,earlier,later,immediately,soon,next,in a few days,graally,suddenly,finally··等。
(3)表示空间顺序的过渡词:near(to),far(from),in front of,behind,beside,beyond,above,below,to the right/left,around,outside等。
(4)表示比较的过渡词:in the same way,just like,just as等。
(5)表示转折的过渡词:but,still,yet,however,nevertheless,nonetheless,on the contrary,in spite of,even though等。
(6)一方面,另一方面:on the one hand,on the other hand,for one thing,for another等。
(7)表示结果和原因的过渡词:because,since,so,as a result,therefore,then,thus,otherwise等。
(8)表示目的的过渡词:for this reason,for this purpose,so that等。
(9)表示强调的过渡词:in fact,indeed,surely,necessarily,certainly,without any doubt,truly,to repeat,above all,most important等。
(10)表示解释说明的过渡词:for example,in fact,in this case,for actually, for instance等。
(11)表示总结的过渡词:in a word,above all,,all in all,finally,at last,in conclusion,as I have shown,in another word,in brief,in short,in general,on the whole,as has been stated,last but not least等。
(12)表示转折的过渡词: But,However,Although / even though, Despite / despite the fact that,In spite of / in spite of the fact that,Nevertheless,Nonetheless,While,Whereas,Unlike,In theory… in practice…
⑹ 名词性从句连接词
不能填whom。
首先,名词性从句这句话里作宾语,也就是宾语从句。这里的宾语从句实际上是一个疑问句( Who is he?)所以用Who。
那么whom怎么用呢?它是作宾语时,而且多出现在定语从句中。例如:“I don't know the man whom/ who/(可省略) you want to see.”
懂了吗?还有什么不会尽管提出,我们共同学习。
⑺ 20分!求名词性从句解题技巧!只要详细,复制也给分!如果好,另外加分!
名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目,在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到,并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面
1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题 2. 考查引导词that与what的区别
3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4. 考查whether与if的区别
5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别 6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题
语法要点剖析
一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。因此,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why
1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如:
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:
(1)It + be + 名词 + that从句 (2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句
(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 (4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。例如:
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如: I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or not”时;e. 后接动词不定式时。例如: Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用
不同时态。例如: he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在时)
he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时)
I know (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时)
he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如:The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如: We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
3. 表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如:
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别: that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
⑻ 名词性从句连接词和连接副词怎么选用,连接代词是缺宾语或者主语用,可是如果句子成分完整
连接代词是缺宾语或者主语用;如果句子成分完整,需要使用连接副词
或者介词+连接代词;
i know that she lied to us ,that是连接词,什么成分都不作。
i don't know whether/if she lied to us,whether/if是连接词,什么成分都不作。
i don't know who lied to us,who是连接代词,在宾从作主语。
i don't know why /for which she lied to us,why连接副词,在宾从作状语。
⑼ 做英语名词性从句单项选择的大题步骤是什么,该先考虑什么后考虑什么
做英语名词性从句单项选择的答题步骤是什么,该先考虑什么后考虑什么?
答:你问的好象是名词性从句的专题练习,这样的话,比做语法单项选择题要简单得多,因为你已经知道,所有的题都是名词性从句。
如果是这种情况的话,做题就简单了,这样的题目,就是让你选择合适的连接词。
你知道要熟悉引导名词性从句的连词,理解题句的意思,作出正确选择并不难。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分两大类:
一、由陈述句变过来的用that引导。
二、由疑问句变过来的用wh-词引导。
又可分三类:
1. 由一般疑问句变过来的,用whether (如果是动词的宾语,可用if 代替)
2. 由特殊疑问句变过来的,又有两类:
a. 连接代词:what, who, whom,which,whose (+名词),
b. 连接副词:when, where, why, how
3. 相当于一个名词的纯名词性从句,如:what he said=the word(s) that he said, 并不是由一个特殊疑问句变过来的。它相当于一个名词+限制性定语从句。上面的wh-词,what, when, where, why,都有这种功能如:This is where I was born. 中where= the place where-定从。
还有whoever, whatever,只能引导这类纯名词性从句。
还是找几题名词性从句的题来分析一下吧。否则只是纸上谈兵。借用一下四级现成的题:
1. ______ she couldn’t understand was ______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what
C. What; because D. Why; that
答:A
译:她所不能理解的【那个事情】是【为什么】对她的课感兴趣的学生越来越少了。
析:was前面的是主语从句。三个词都可以引导。that引导的是一个完整的陈述句,而understand缺少宾语。关系副词why也不能作它的宾语,只有what=the thing +that-定从。指她不能理解的那个事情(东西,根据实际情况翻译,一般译到“。。。的”就可以了。
另外,还有一个技巧,你看第一空的选项比是What2:That1:Why1, 可以判断选what的可能性较大,因为如果能唯一确定是That或Why的话,第二空就不起作用了。而确定了What之后,还要对第二空进行选择。
而第二空,就要凭对句子的理解及选项词义的理解了。她不能理解的是【为什么】。。。,而不是【因为】,所以选A。
2. ______ breaks the law should be punished, that is to say, we will punish ______ breaks the law.
A. Anyone, whoever B. Whoever, whoever
C. No matter who, whoever
D. Whomever, whom
答:B
译:任何一个违法者都应受到惩罚,也就是说,我们将惩罚任何一个从第一句的谓语should be punished知道,前面的是主语从句,而且是不带疑问性质的纯名词性从句,应受罚的肯定是人。Anyone后面少了who (在定语从句作主语的关系代词不能省略),排除A。
No matter who是引导让步状语从句的,排除C
Whomever在从句中应该是作宾语的,但breaks the law 缺少的是主语,排除D。
所以会做的光凭第一空就能知道正确答案是B。
第二空凭数学和心理学知识知道肯定是选whoever ,因为选项比是whoever 3:whom 1.
本题的第二空没有意义。
3. ______ they won the game was ______ we had expected.
A. That; that B.Whether; that
C. /; what D.That; what
答:D
译:他们赢得了比赛的胜利,这是我们意料中的事情。
析:was 前面的应该是主语从句,必须要有引导词,排除C。(C项的第二空很有可能是正确的,做题技巧,因为两个空的,不太会给两个都是错的选项,因为这太容易排除)
从was后面的表述来看,不象是个问题,排除B。所以可以判断第一空是that,表示一件事情,答案在AD中。
that引导的是一个完整的陈述句变过来的名词性从句。expect缺少宾语,排除A。选D
同样,两空的选择题,可以从选项比例辅助判断正确答案。前空:that2:/1:Whether 1, 填that的可能性大。 后空:that2:what2 ,两个都有可能,但最早排除的C项的2空可能是对的。
4. My teacher did____ he could ____ me with my English.
A. what; to help B. all that; help
C. all what; help D. all what; to help
答:A
译:我的老师做了他所能做的【】来帮助我学习英语。
析:本题不仅考查名词性从句,还考查省略和非谓语动词。
all是不定代词,可以指代“一切事情”,可以作先行词,后用that-引导的限制性定语从句。what 是不能引导定语从句的,排除CD
all that he could (do) 和what he could (do)[=the things that he could (do)] 功能一样,只是意思更强一点,表示他做了他所能做的一切。答案在AB中间。
第二空,目光短浅、不理解句意,只知道情态动词后+动词原形者,可能会排除A选B: could help 而丢分,他不知道,could 与to help 不是一家人(不是一个意群),其实是为了避免重复,could后省略了一个实义动词do, 因为前面提到过了,有个did! 而不定式短语to help me with my English实际上在句子中是作目的状语的,完全可以提前,还可以加上In order (to help me ...), 为了帮助我。。。, 他。。。。
5. “Keep one’s word”means you do ______ you have told someone ______ you would do.
A. that; that B.that; what
C. what; that D.what; what
答:C
译:“守信”,意味着(也就是)你做你已经告诉过别人你要做的事。
析:第一个do后面应该是一个名词纯名词性从句,用what 引导,=the things that-定语从句。
而在这个从句中, You have told someone that you would do (sth.) 你已经告诉过某个人,你将要做一件事。这里的sth. 就是那件事,所以这个what 在名词性从句中是作第二个do的宾语的。
此题句太拗口,为出题而生造了好几个从句。
【PS】以上文字,除引用了5道选择题外,全部手工输入,你绝对在网上找不到现成的。
⑽ 介绍名词性从句以及怎样选择连接词
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:
whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
二. 主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如:
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:
(1) It + be + 名词 + that从句
(2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句
(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句
(4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
二、宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。例如:
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如:
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or not”时;e. 后接动词不定式时。例如:
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留?
4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用
不同时态。例如:
he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在时)
he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时)
I know (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时)
he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)
当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如:
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:
We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
三、表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如:
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning
四. 同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)
五、名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
六、名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语: I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
七、if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:
主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成,例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
八、否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
(anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个月,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷。
九、高考热点透视
1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时,为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无实义。此句也可以改写为:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
2.A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do.(NMET2001)
A.how B.after C.what D.when
答案C。从句子结构可知,句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词,做主句谓语动词do的宾语,同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语,因此,此处的连接词应该用what。
3. He asked ____ for a violin.(MET1992)
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
答案:D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,句子语序要用陈述语序。
4. What the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.(上海2001年春季招生)
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt一词可知,所怀疑的应是是否能治好病,所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。”
5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. (NMET1997)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
答案B。根据句意“一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。”可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句,而从句中wants缺少宾语,A. however 和D. whenever是不能作宾语的;排除A和D,whichever表示“无论哪一个,无论哪些”,应表示一定范围内的人或物,此处没有涉及事物的范围,所以应选 B.whatever,表示“无论什么”。
6. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
答案C。本题句子的意思是:无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever引导的名词性从句,连接代词whoever可以引导名词性从句,并在从句中作主语,相当于any person who或The person who, 意为“一切……的人”。而anyone和the person均非连词,不能引导从句,况who leaves the room last意为“某个最后离开房间的人”,与题意不符,如果要选A. Anyone或B. The person,都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who。如果要选D. Who就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。
7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. (Shanghai1995)
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
答案为C。本题句子的意思是:Sarah希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D,从句中需要的是主语,所以whomever也不行。
8. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)
A. why B. what C. when D. where
答案A。根据语境,甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因,故答案是A。答案B,C, D均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境,下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗?”
9. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. ( NMET1993)
A. when B. how C. where D. what
答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语,排除D.what,而答案C, D均与题意不符,所以应选A.when。used to be表示一种过去存在的状态,本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。”
10.I read about it in some book or other,does it matter ____ it was?(2001春季招生)
A.where B.what C.how D.which
答案D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析,应是哪本书,所以要填which,这句话的意思是“我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容,是哪一本书重要吗?”。
11. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C when D. as (2001年上海)
答案B。该题考查that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导,接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名词后,用来解释或说明名词的内容。
12. —I think it is going to be a big problem.
—Yes, it could be.
—I wonder ______ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季)
A、if B、how C、what D、that
答案C。本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句,而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词,可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分,我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that,再排除引导方式状语的how,答案是C,句子的意思是“我们能就此做些什么”。
十、专项考点练习
1. ________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.
A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says
2. _____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
3. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination.
A. whether B. if C. that D. how
4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn’t like _____ it used to be .
A .what B. how C. that D. which
5. ____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.
A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether
6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.
A .that B. how C .what D. where
7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be ring the past few years.
A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow
C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown
8. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _______.
A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along
C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along
9. ____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.
A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what
10. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. which C. that D. whichever
11. _____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person
12. Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
13. ____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that
14. It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.
A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what
15. It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front.
A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go
16. The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.
A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give
C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give
17. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______.
A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be put off
18. Go and get your coat.It's ____ you left it.
A. where B. there C. here where D. where there
19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
20. You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
Keys:
1---5 A A ABA 6---10 CDABA 11----15 CCAA C 16---20 BAACB