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解决问题的方法终于找到了被动句

发布时间:2022-08-23 19:11:15

A. 对现代汉语有研究的朋友请进!

以下纯属本人观点,仅供参考:
1,"怎样"是副词,因为它修饰的是"处理",处理是动词,而副词修饰动词.
2, "问题解决了"是被动句.问题不是人不是物,而是句词,但却是一种抽像,那么,一种抽像如何做主语呢?他只能被支配,因为他本身不能有支配动词的能力.
这只是我们平时的说法,按语法来讲,恐怕这句话这么说也不太对,应该说"问题被解决了"

B. 我终于在桌子下面找到了那本书改为被动句

那本书终于被我在桌子下面找到了,一般该被动句是需要把主语换到后面,然后宾语放到前面。

C. 被动语态的正确使用方法,请详细解释被动语态的用法,谢谢

2.被动语态的基本结构:
主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者)
① 一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词
如:
Trees are planted every year.
② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词
如:
The road is being repaired.

③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词
如:
The work has been finished.
④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
如:
The story was told by him.
Many birds were killed last year.
⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词
如:
The new house was being painted when I got home.
⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词
如:
He told me that the work had been finished.
⑦一般将来时 will +be + 过去分词
如:
The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词
如:
He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.
⑨情态动词的被动语态
情态动词+ be +过去分词
如:
The problem must be solved soon.
Children should be taught to love animals.

D. 被动语态的使用及拓展

一 概念:当句子的主语是动作的执行时,谓语的形式叫主动语态;当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语的形式叫做被动语态。
二 构成“助动词be+过去分词”主动词be有时态、人称和数的变化,也可以构成否定或疑问句。
不同时态的被动语态例句
The Great Wall is known all over the world.
This city was liberated in 1948.
The matter will be discussed tomorrow.
The question is being discussed at present.
The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.
The bridge has been built this month
The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema
He said the book would be returned as soon as he finished it.
三、 用法:
1 需要强调动作的承受者; 2 只知道动作的承受者,不知道谁是动作的执行者;
3 论述科技内容的文体需要强调客观性和科学性。
四、不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比较: rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。
(错) The price has been risen.
(对) The price has risen.
(错) The accident was happened last week.
(对) The accident happened last week.
(错) The price has raised.
(对) The price has been raised.
(错) Please seat.
(对) Please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
五、 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
六、 系动词无被动语态:
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
1) It sounds good. 2)The steel feels cold
3) The method proved (to be ) effective.

七、 带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态:
die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
八、当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。
(对) She likes to swim.
(错) To swim is liked by her.
九、“be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态,有时是系表结构。当“be+过去分词”表示动作时为被动语态,be是助动词,be后面的过去分词是主要动词,动作的对象是主语;当“be +过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构,be是连系动词。be后面的过去分词是表语,相当于形容词。其区分办法如下:
1.如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态,否则为系表结构。例如:
:
The glass is brok. 玻璃杯碎了。(系表结构)
The glass was broken by the boy.玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。(被动语态)
2.如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态。如:
The magazine is published in Shanghai.这家杂志出版于上海。(被动语态)
The door is locked. 门锁着。(系表结构)
The door has already/just been locked.门已经/刚刚被锁上。(被动语态)
The shop is opened.这家商店开门了。(系表结构)
The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday.这家商店每天上午八点开门。(被动语态
3.被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外,还可以用于其他各种时态,而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。
所以下列句子都是被动语态:
The machine is being repaired. 机器正在修。
A new school will be built here. 这里将要建一所新学校。
十、用某些不及物动词表示被动意义,如carry,cut,drive,iron,keep,lock,open,pick,read,sell,shut,tear,wash,wear,write等等。这类动词既能作及物动词,也能作不及物动词。作不及物动词时,形式上虽为主动,却表示被动意义。例如:
Meat cuts easily.肉容易切。
His novel sells well.他的小说畅销。
The car drove easily.这车很容易开。
Your pen writes quite smoothly.你的笔写起来很滑。
在上述句子中,主语通常指物,起动作承受者的作用,也可以说是不及物动词的逻辑宾语。但是有时也有用人称主语的。例如:
The girl does not photograph well.这女孩不上像。
比较:The girl has not been photographed well.这女孩的照片没拍好。
十一、某些感觉动词的主动态表示被动意义。例如:
This shirt feels much softer than that one.
这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多
That book smells old.那本书有一股霉味。
These oranges taste nice.这些橙子味道很好。
以上这些动词都不能用进行时表示。若用进行时,则表示主动含义。
比较:The child is smelling the paint.小孩正在闻油漆的气味。
十二、动词get,come,go之后接过去分词,表示被动意义。get的这种用法局限于口语和非正式的书面语言,更强调动作的结果而非动作本身,并常用来表示突发性的、出乎意料的偶然事件。而come和go常接含否定意义的过去分词。例如:
After working selflessly in here for several years, Mr Li got promoted at last.李先生在此地无私地干了好几年,终于得到提升。
They got delayed because of the holiday traffic.
由于节日交通阻塞,他们被耽误了。
The buttons on my coat came undone.我上衣的扣子松开了。
The woman”s complaints went unnoticed.那位女士的投诉无人理睬。
十三、在need(want,require,deserve,etc.)doing句型中,动名词(doing)相当于动词不定式的被动式(to be done),在意思上没有多大差别。例如:
The garden needs watering.The garden needs to be watered.花园需要浇水。 The problem requires studying with great care.
The problem requires to be studied with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。
These jobs want doing at once.
These jobs want to be done at once.这些工作需要马上就做。
用法相似的结构还有bear doing, stand doing, be worth doing,习惯不用动词不定式。如: That won”t bear thinking of.那是不堪想象的。
The little girl can”t stand criticizing.小女孩经不起批评。
The food is not worth eating.这种饭菜不值一吃。
It”s well worth making the effort to learn how to do it.
很值得花一番功夫去学会怎么做这事。
值得注意的是,在be worth doing句型中,只能用动名词的主动式,而在be worthy to be done中,才能用动词不定式的被动式,两者不可混淆。
十四、在某些性质形容词+动词不定式的句型中,其动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。(difficult, easy, hard, comfortable, pleasant, fit, unfit, light , heavy, good, safe, dangerous)例如:
The question is easy to answer.这问题容易回答。
That book is difficult to understand.那本书难懂。
在这种句型结构中,动词不定式和主语的关系实际上是一种逻辑上的动宾关系,可以说是动词不定式作主语变换来的,相当于It”s easy to answer the question.和It”s difficult to understand that book.由于把动词宾语放在主语位置,所以和不定式的关系构成一种被动关系。
7、有些动词不定式不论用主动形式还是被动形式,动词不定式和主语的关系都是被动的。例如:
Nobody was to blame (to be blamed) for the accident.
这个事故,谁也不能责怪。
The house is to let (to be let).这房子出租。
There are a lot of books to read (to be read).有许多书要读。
Those cars are to rent (to be rented).那些汽车出租。

E. 被动语态用法及应用

被动语态的用法

一 概念:当句子的主语是动作的执行时,谓语的形式叫主动语态;
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语的形式叫做被动语态。

二 构成“助动词be+过去分词”主动词be有时态、人称和数的变化,也可以构成否定或疑问句。
不同时态的被动语态例句
The Great Wall is known all over the world.
This city was liberated in 1948.
The matter will be discussed tomorrow.
The question is being discussed at present.
The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.
The bridge has been built this month
The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema
He said the book would be returned as soon as he finished it.

三、 用法:
1 需要强调动作的承受者;
2 只知道动作的承受者,不知道谁是动作的执行者;
3 论述科技内容的文体需要强调客观性和科学性。

四、不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie,remain, sit, spread, stand。
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place。
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比较: rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。
(错) The price has been risen.
(对) The price has risen.
(错) The accident was happened last week.
(对) The accident happened last week.
(错) The price has raised.
(对) The price has been raised.
(错) Please seat.
(对) Please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

五、 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

六、 系动词无被动语态:
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
1) It sounds good.
2)The steel feels cold
3) The method proved (to be ) effective.

七、 带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态:
die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.

八、当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。
(对) She likes to swim.
(错) To swim is liked by her.

九、“be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态,有时是系表结构。当“be+过去分词”表示动作时为被动语态,be是助动词,be后面的过去分词是主要动词,动作的对象是主语;当“be +过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构,be是连系动词。be后面的过去分词是表语,相当于形容词。其区分办法如下:
1.如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态,否则为系表结构。例如:The glass is brok. 玻璃杯碎了。(系表结构)
The glass was broken by the boy.玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。(被动语态)
2.如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态。如:The magazine is published in Shanghai.这家杂志出版于上海。(被动语态)
The door is locked. 门锁着。(系表结构)
The door has already/just been locked.门已经/刚刚被锁上。(被动语态)
The shop is opened.这家商店开门了。(系表结构)
The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday.这家商店每天上午八点开门。(被动语态
3.被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外,还可以用于其他各种时态,而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。
所以下列句子都是被动语态:
The machine is being repaired. 机器正在修。
A new school will be built here. 这里将要建一所新学校。

十、用某些不及物动词表示被动意义,如carry,cut,drive,iron,keep,lock,open,pick,read,sell,shut,tear,wash,wear,write等等。这类动词既能作及物动词,也能作不及物动词。作不及物动词时,形式上虽为主动,却表示被动意义。例如:
Meat cuts easily.肉容易切。
His novel sells well.他的小说畅销。
The car drove easily.这车很容易开。
Your pen writes quite smoothly.你的笔写起来很滑。
在上述句子中,主语通常指物,起动作承受者的作用,也可以说是不及物动词的逻辑宾语。但是有时也有用人称主语的。例如:
The girl does not photograph well.这女孩不上像。
比较:The girl has not been photographed well.这女孩的照片没拍好。

十一、某些感觉动词的主动态表示被动意义。例如:
This shirt feels much softer than that one.
这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多
That book smells old.那本书有一股霉味。
These oranges taste nice.这些橙子味道很好。
以上这些动词都不能用进行时表示。若用进行时,则表示主动含义。
比较:The child is smelling the paint.小孩正在闻油漆的气味。

十二、动词get,come,go之后接过去分词,表示被动意义。get的这种用法局限于口语和非正式的书面语言,更强调动作的结果而非动作本身,并常用来表示突发性的、出乎意料的偶然事件。而come和go常接含否定意义的过去分词。例如: After working selflessly in here for several years, Mr Li got promoted at last.李先生在此地无私地干了好几年,终于得到提升。
They got delayed because of the holiday traffic.
由于节日交通阻塞,他们被耽误了。
The buttons on my coat came undone.我上衣的扣子松开了。
The woman”s complaints went unnoticed.那位女士的投诉无人理睬。

十三、在need(want,require,deserve,etc.)doing句型中,动名词(doing)相当于动词不定式的被动式(to be done),在意思上没有多大差别。例如:
The garden needs watering.�The garden needs to be watered.花园需要浇水。
The problem requires studying with great care.�The problem requires to be studied with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。
These jobs want doing at once.�These jobs want to be done at once.这些工作需要马上就做。
用法相似的结构还有bear doing, stand doing, be worth doing,习惯不用动词不定式。如: That won”t bear thinking of.那是不堪想象的。
The little girl can”t stand criticizing.小女孩经不起批评。
The food is not worth eating.这种饭菜不值一吃。
It”s well worth making the effort to learn how to do it.
很值得花一番功夫去学会怎么做这事。
值得注意的是,在be worth doing句型中,只能用动名词的主动式,而在be worthy to be done中,才能用动词不定式的被动式,两者不可混淆。

十四、在某些性质形容词+动词不定式的句型中,其动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。(difficult, easy, hard, comfortable, pleasant, fit, unfit, light , heavy, good, safe, dangerous)例如:
The question is easy to answer.这问题容易回答。
That book is difficult to understand.那本书难懂。
在这种句型结构中,动词不定式和主语的关系实际上是一种逻辑上的动宾关系,可以说是动词不定式作主语变换来的,相当于It”s easy to answer the question.和It”s difficult to understand that book.由于把动词宾语放在主语位置,所以和不定式的关系构成一种被动关系。
7、有些动词不定式不论用主动形式还是被动形式,动词不定式和主语的关系都是被动的。例如:
Nobody was to blame (to be blamed) for the accident.
这个事故,谁也不能责怪。
The house is to let (to be let).这房子出租。
There are a lot of books to read (to be read).有许多书要读。
Those cars are to rent (to be rented).那些汽车出租。

被动语态的应用
应用到各种时态和句型,如下:
① 一般式(一般现在,一般过去,一般将来):am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done . ie. Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是:“环境一旦遭到破坏,需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起,产生”的含义,do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象,谓语应当用被动语态。同样的,还有,I will mend the machine.相当于The machine will be mended (by me).
②进行时(现在进行、过去进行、将来进行):be+being+P.P. ie.The classroom is being cleaned.
③ 完成时(现在完成、过去完成、将来完成):have/has been + P.P.:例如The machine will have been repaired by 3 o’clock this afternoon.再如:My homework has been finished.
④ 其他时态 以此类推,可得到结果。
⑤ 情态动词的被动语态:主语 + 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词过去分词,例如Your teeth must be brushed.
⑥ 不定式的被动语态:to be done例:The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.(确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。)

被动语态的用法
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard. Knives are used for cutting things.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them.
7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted.
8.过去完成时的被动语态:would + be + 及物动词的过去分词 He said he would finish the work soon. He said the work would be finished soon by him.

F. 被动语态希望详细讲解

在英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍,许多课本及考试乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动语态。需要注意的是,许多地方与汉语不同。注意:哪些汉语中没有"被……"的意思,英语却应该用被动态。还要注意,英语的被动态往往由"by"引出,而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动语态,而是系表结构。还有些特殊现象,如:known to man(人类......所知),on foot步行(美国人有时用by foot),in carriage(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动,真被动的十几个常用词的用法,以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried 等习惯用法。有关这类情况,做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态,准确无误地解答习题非常关键,被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂,怎样记住各自的被动形式呢? 首先要明确"将来进行无被动,现在完成进行同"。这两种时态无被动形式。 另外,不及物动词带有同原宾语的动词,反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此,还有不定式,动名词,分词,以及它们的复合结构的被动态,再加上情态动词,助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂,真是令人头痛,眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例,即do did过去式done过去分词,以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态.一定对你有所启示。 当然了,被动语态也可以概括为be done
被动语态各时态构成表
TENSE 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 be+V.\V.s am\is\are+V(p.p)
一般将来时 will\be going to+V. will be +V(p.p)
现在进行时 am\is\are+V.ing am\is\are+being+V(p.p)
一般过去时 ①was\were②V.ed was\were+V(p.p)
现在完成时 have\has+V.p.p have\has+been+V(p.p)
过去完成时 had+V.p.p had+been+V(p.p)
过去进行时 was\were+V.ing was\were+being+V(p.p)
情态动词 情态动词+V. 情态动词+be+V(p.p)
被动语态(一般现在时) 主动语态变被动语态时,主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语,主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。 被动语态的口诀: 一般现、过用be +V.过去分词,be有人称、时、数变。 完成时态have(has) done,被动将been加中间。 一般将来shall (will) do,被动变do为be done。 将来进行无被动,shall (will) be doing, 现在完成进行同,have (has) been doing。 现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。 情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。 否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。 主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前。 一般情助加be done,双宾多将间宾变。 复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变。 1.一般现在时 is\am\are+P.P(过去分词) 2.一般过去时 was\were+P.P 3.一般将来时 will be+P.P 4.现在进行时 is\am\are+being(固定不变)+P.P 5.过去进行时 was\were+being(固定不变)+P.P 6.现在完成时 have\has been+P.P 7.过去完成时 had been+P.P 第二句"be有人称、时、数变"即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must,may,can,shall,will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。"疑问一助置主前"是说有两个助动词的话,应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之。
一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变 例:1、主动:The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. 被动:The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children. 孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。 2、主动:People regard him as brilliant. 被动:He is regarded as brilliant by people. 人们认为他很有才华。 以上两例都是一般时态用be done的例子,be有人称、时、数变,第三人称foreign friends是复数,时态一般过去时,所以"be done"就是were given,而People regard him as brilliant一句,被动后的"be done"就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。
完成时态have done,被动将been加中间。 (过去完成时had done也包括在内)。 例:1、主动:We have studied English for 3 years and on at the spare-time school. 被动:English has been studied for 3 years by us and on at the spare-time school. (have随新主语变为has) 我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。
一般将来shall (will) do,被动变do为be done 即由shall do或will do变为shall done或will be done。 例:主动: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year. 被动:Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year. 过年我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。 (shall do中的shall要随新主语变为will, do为be done.) 主动:I shall send my second boy to school next September. 被动:My second boy will be sent to school next September. 过年九月我将送我次子去读书。
将来进行无被动,shall (will) be doing, 现在完成进行同.have (has) been doing, 即将来进行时表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行'现在完成进行时表示某-行为发生在过去.延续到现在,可能还要延续下去。两种时态则不用被动语态。 例;We hope your comany will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. (将来进行时) 我们希望贵公司早些派一名工程师来检查这台设备。
现、过进行be doing,被动be加being done 即现在进行时或过去进行时都是be的人称、时和数的形式加doing。而被动态则是be加上being done的形式,being是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动态是被动态个的重点,容易搞错。例如: 主动:The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute. 被动:The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers. 工人们正在维修东北工学院主楼。 情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。
带情态动词和助动词等的被动态如何处理比较复杂。要随新的主语来变化,这些词如can, could;will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need需要;have to不得不;be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如: 主动: We must keep this in mind. 被动:This must be kept in mind. 我们必须把这个记在心里。
may加不定式的完成体或完成进行体表示"可能",主要用于肯定句,决不能用在疑问句中。而can与不定式的完成体或完成进行体连用表示"可能",只用于否定句和疑问句,不用于肯定句。但如果can或may的过去式即could与might与不定式完成体或完成进行体搭配时,可用于各种结构。肯,否,陈,疑均可。 It can't have been lost in the post, can it? 它不可能在邮局丢失的吧:(反意疑问句) 否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前 在否定句的被动态中,否定副词not-定加在第一助动词之后,不放在别的助动词之后。同样在疑问句的被动态中,第一助动词置于主语之前。 例:Why has(一助) not anything been(二助) done to end the strike? not必须放在第一助动词has之后,第-助动词has必须放在主语anything之前。决不可写成: why has not been anything done to end the strike?或why has been not anything done to end the strike? 为什么不采取些措施来结束罢工呢? The exercises will not be done in class. 不可写成:The exercise will be not done in class. 我们将不在课堂上作练习。
主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤: 1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。 3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它 的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。 4.其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。
情态动词的被动语态一、理解含情态动词的被动语态的概念 含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有can,may,must,need,should等,分别表示“能够被……”,“可以被……”,“必须被……”,“需要被……“,应该被……”等。 二、掌握含情态动词的被动语态的不同句式的变换方法 含情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均借助于情态动词完成。 (一)一般疑问句 直接将陈述句被动语态中的情态动词提前。如: Must this work be done at once?这项工作必须立即完成吗? Should your homework be finished before six?你的家庭作业应在六点前完成吗? (二)特殊疑问句由疑问词加上一般疑问句被动语态构成。如: When must this work be done?这工作必须在什么时候完成? Where can the lost book be found?这本失踪的书能在什么地方被找到? (三)反意疑问句 借助情态动词构成附加疑问部分。如: This bridge can be built next year,can't it?这座桥明年能建成,是吗? This book shouldn't be taken out of the library,should it?这本书不应被带出图书馆,是吗? (四)否定句 在情态动词后面加上not或never即可,但must表“必要”时否定式为needn't。如: This work needn't be done at once.这项工作没必要立即做。 This stbin shouldn't be put here.这个垃圾箱不应放在这儿。 三、含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答 含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答应保留原情态动词,但must表“必须”时,其否定回答应用needn't,need表“必要”时,其肯定回答应用must。如: —Should my exercises be finished today?我的作业应在今天完成吗? —Yes,they should.是的,应在今天完成。 (No,they shouldn't.不,不应在今天完成。) —Must his exercise book be handed in at once?他的练习本必须立即上交吗? —Yes,it must.是的,必须立即上交。 (No,it needn't.不,不必立即上交。) —Need he be operated on at once?他必须立即手术吗? —Yes,he must.是的,他必须。 (No,he needn't.不,他不必。)
不用被动语态的情况
1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词): appear, die(死亡),disappear(消失), end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. After the fire, very little remained of my house.
有些动词可以带双宾语
在用于被动结构时,主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时,直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面;直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to ★He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.在记者招待会上人们问了他很多问题 ★They are taught a lot of things in the kindergartens.他们在幼儿园被教给很多东西。 ★A new MP4 was given to him as birthday present/gift.作为生日礼物他收到了一个新MP4。
Get+过去分词构成的被动语态
Get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态,用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如: The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。 How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了? 着名学者周海中教授在论文《Get-Passive研究》中指出:Get+过去分词的被动语态是一种新兴的被动语态形式;相对来说它的使用还没有Be+过去分词构成的被动语态那么广泛,一般限于口语和非正式书面语;但它却有着用得愈来愈多的趋势,是一种生气蓬勃的语言现象。
特别提醒
有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。例如 We heard him sing in his room just now. ---He was heard to sing in his room just now. 刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。

G. 被动语态的结构和用法

1. 被动语态的构成 由于不及物动词不能带宾语,故无被动语态,只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态,其基本构成方式是“助动词be+过去分词”。 注意:“be+过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态,有些动词(如 be,feel,look,seem等)后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,用作表语表示状态。

如: My bike is broken.(我的自行车坏了。) The door is open.(门开了。)

2. 主动语态改被动语态的方法 1)将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面:①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构;③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略)。 2)含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况:①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位;②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如: He gave the boy an apple.→The boy was given an apple.(或An apple was given to the boy.) Her father bought her a present.→She was bought a present by her father.(或A present was bought for her by her father.) 3)不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态,改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如: They watched the children sing that morning.→The children were watched to sing that morning. 4)带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如: We call him Xiao Wang.→He is called Xiao Wang. He cut his hair short.→His hair was cut short. They told him to help me.→He was told to help me. 5)短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏。如: We must take good care of the young trees.→The young trees must be taken good care of. 6)含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面;也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,report等。如: People believe that he is ill.→It is believed that he is ill.(或:He is believed to be ill.)

3. 被动语态改为主动语态的方法: 被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语(或按题意要求确定主语),按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如: History is made by the people.?The people make history.

4. 不能用于被动语态的情况 1)某些表示“静态”的及物动词(表示状态而不是动作,而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词)如have,fit,suit,hold(容纳),cost, suffer,last(持续)等不能用于被动语态。如: They have a nice car.他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。 My shoes don't fit me.我的鞋不合适。 My brain can't hold so much information at one time.我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。 How much /What does it cost?这值多少钱? Our holiday lasts 10days.我们的假期有十天。 This food will last(them)(for)3days.这食物足够(他们)(吃)三天。 2)不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态,若不构成成语动词则无被动态。试比较: They arrived at a decision.?A decision was arrived at.他们作出了决定。 They arrived at the station.他们到达车站。(不说:The station was arrived at.) He looked into the question.?The question was looked into.他调查了这个问题。 3)动词leave(离开),enter(进入),join(参加)不可用于被动语态。如: The car left the road and hit a tree.车子离开了道路,撞上了树。 4)某些及物动词可作不及物动词用,特别是后加副词(如well, easily等)时。主动语态有被动含义,这类动词常见的有sell,write, wear,wash,cook,open,close,lock,read,record等。如: His new novel is selling well.他的新小说很畅销。The cloth washes well.这布很耐洗。 This material won't wear.这种材料不耐穿。His play won't act.他的戏剧不会上演。 The window won't shut.这窗关不上。The door won't open.这门打不开。 The door won't lock.这门锁不上。This poem reads well.这首诗读来很好。 5)feel,look,appear,sound,taste,smell等由实意动词演变而来的系动词,后接形容词作表语,不可用于被动语态。如: Tell me if you feel cold.你要是感到冷就告诉我。 You're looking very unhappy?what's the matter?你看来很不高兴???怎么回事儿? The soup tastes wonderful.这汤味道好极了。 Those roses smell beautiful.那些玫瑰好闻极了。 She appears to be friendly.她看上去很友好。 6)宾语是不定式或动词的或-ing形式时,不可用于被动语态。如: Peter hoped to meet her.彼得希望遇见她。 Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter.史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。 7)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时,不可用于被动语态。如: She can dress herself.她可以自己穿衣服。 We could hardly see each other in the fog.在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。 8)宾语是同源宾语时,不可用于被动语态。如: They live a happy life.他们过着幸福的生活。 The girl dreamed a sweet dream .那女孩做了个甜美的梦。 9)宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时,不可用于被动语态。如: The old man broke his(=the old man's)legs.那老人把自己的腿弄断了。 The girl shook her(=the girl's)head.那女孩摇了摇头。

5. 某些动词的主动形式表被动含义 英语中有很多动词如act,break,catch,cut,clean,drive,draw, let,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash,wear等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。另外,像 owe,beat,cook,bake,print,build,make等,有时可以用主动形式表达被动含义。如: This kind of radio doesn't sell well.这种收音机不太畅销。 The shop opens at eight o'clock.这个商店八点开门。 The pipe does not draw well.这烟斗不太通畅。 These plays act wonderfully.这些剧演得好。 Kate's book reads like an interesting novel.凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说。 注意:主动表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。如: The door won't lock.门锁不上。(指门本身有毛病) The door won't be locked.门不会被锁上。(指不会有人来锁门) His novels sell easily.他的小说销路好。(指小说本身内容好) His novels are sold easily.他的小说容易销售。(主要强调外界对小说的需求量大)

6.某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义 1)在need,want,require,deserve和bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动含义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如: The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。 My clothes need washing(to be washed).我的衣服需要洗了。 2)形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。如: The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)这本画册很值得一读。 Such a man as Mr.Smith is not worth helping.(=Such a man as Mr.Smith is not worthy to be helped.)像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助。 This plan is not worth considering.(=This plan is not worthy to be considered.)这个计划不值得考虑。 3)某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义 a.当nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant, interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语,而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。如: Japanese is not difficult to learn.日语并不难学。(指日语被学) The water is unfit to drink.这水不适合喝。(指水被喝) The piece of music is pleasant to hear.这首音乐听起来很悦耳。(指音乐被听) This book is easy to read.这本书读起来很容易。(指书被读) b.当动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。如: I have a lot of work to do today.我今天有很多工作要做。(work to do指被做的工作) He has three children to look after.他有三个孩子要照看。(children to look after指孩子被照看) 注意:如果以上句型用动词不定式的被动形式,其含义有所区别。如: I have some clothes to be washed.我有些要洗的衣服。(衣服不是自己洗) c.在there be...句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动或被动式,其含义没有什么区别。如: There is a lot of homework to do(to be done).有很多家庭作业要做。 There are some clothes to wash(to be washed).有些衣服要洗。 4)由介词for,on,above,under等构成的短语有时可以表达被动含义。如: His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoon.=His paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon.他的油画作品明天下午展出。 5)表示感官意义的连系动词如smell,feel,taste,look,sound等在句子中常表达被动含义。如: How nice the music sounds!这音乐听起来多悦耳! Good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。 Our school looks more beautiful than before.我们学校看上去比以前更漂亮了。在主动语态中,使让动词(make,have,let)和感官动词(see, look,watch,notice,listen,hear,feel,find)后必省略to,但在被动语态中必须加上to

例:在教室里我们听见他唱了这首歌

we heard him sing this song in the classroom.

he was heard to sing this song by us in the classroom.
满意采纳

H. 问题解决时用英语怎么说被动语态

被动语态有的两种主要形式:
人做主语:
sb is/was/were +过去分词+.by sb
物做主语:
sth is/was/were done by sb.
我们做主语:
We are taught English by him.
英语做主语:
Our English is taught by him.

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与解决问题的方法终于找到了被动句相关的资料

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